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I-ACTH (i-Adrenocorticotropic hormone) - IHormone ekhiqizwa yindlala ye-pituitary. Ivuselela izindlala ze-adrenal ukukhipha amahomoni azikhiqizayo, kufaka phakathi i-cortisone ne-cortisol. 

Ukushoda kwe-ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) - I-ACTH encane kakhulu ekhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland; imvamisa kungumphumela wesimila se-pituitary. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala nokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu. 

Ingculaza (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) - Ukwehluleka okukhulu kwamasosha omzimba (isifo se-immunodeficiency disease). Inciphisa amandla omzimba wokulwa nokutheleleka futhi icindezele ukuphindaphindeka kwamaseli angajwayelekile, njengamaseli womdlavuza. Bheka Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Kubangelwa igciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi, igazi elingcolile noma nge-placenta kuya embungwini womama onegciwane. 

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Abell-Kendall - Ukuguqulwa kokuhlolwa kwebhu okwenziwe nguDkt. U-Abell noKendall.

I-abruptio placenta - Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-placenta esibelethweni phakathi ne-trimester yokugcina yokukhulelwa.

I-Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) futhi obizwa “Inani eliphelele le-granulocyte” - Inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi aletha egazini akwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka.

Ithumba - Indawo evuvukile, evuvukile, nethenda yokutheleleka egcwele ubomvu.

I-Achalasia - Isimo se-esophagus esiphazamisa ukugwinya okujwayelekile.

Ukungalingani kwe-acid-base - Ukungalingani okwenzeka lapho umzimba ugcina i-asidi eningi kakhulu noma isisekelo esiningi kakhulu.

I-Acidosis - Isimo sePathologic esivela ekuqongeleleni i-asidi eningi emzimbeni.

Acidosis, umzimba - I-asidi eningi emzimbeni ngenxa yokulahleka kwesisekelo.

Acidosis, ukuphefumula - I-asidi eningi emzimbeni ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kwe-carbon dioxide eyeqile.

I-Acromegaly - Isimo esihlupha abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi. Kubonakala ngokukhuliswa okuthe ngcembe, okuphawuliwe kwamathambo obuso, umhlathi kanye nemikhawulo. Kubangelwa ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone yokukhula ngendlala ye-pituitary.

Okuhle - Ukuqala ngokuzumayo. Kunzima kodwa isikhathi esifushane.

I-porphyria ngezikhathi ezithile (AIP) - Isifo se-porphyrin metabolism. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe kobuhlungu besisu, izimpawu zesisu, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa kanye ne-porphobilinogen eyeqile emchameni.

I-edema yamaphaphu enamandla - Iqoqo lezimpawu ezimangazayo, ezisongela impilo, kufaka phakathi ukuphefumula okukhulu, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukukhathazeka, ukukhwehlela, izindebe eziluhlaza nezinzipho, nokujuluka. Imvamisa kubangelwa ukwehluleka kokuqina kwenhliziyo. Bona ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ye-Congestive.

Isifo i-Addison (ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-Adrenal) - Isimo esidalwa yizindlala ezingasebenzi noma ezingasebenzi ze-adrenal. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuthakathaka, umfutho wegazi ophansi, ukuguquka kokuziphatha, ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, ukulahleka kwesifiso kanye nesikhumba esinsundu.

I-Adenocarcinoma - Noma yiliphi iqembu elikhulu lamathumba anomdlavuza wezindlala noma isicubu sendlala.

I-Adenoma - Isimila se-Benign samaseli wendlala. Kungadala uketshezi oluningi lwe-hormone ngendlala ethintekile.

Ukunamathela - Imicu emincane yezicubu ezinemicu edala ukuthi izitho esiswini nasesinqeni zihlangane ngokungajwayelekile, zidale ingozi yokuvaleka kwamathumbu.

I-Adrenal - Okuphathelene nendlala eyodwa noma zombili eziseduze nezinso. Lezi zindlala zikhipha ama-hormone amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-adrenalin, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwe-endocrine lomzimba.

I-adrenal cortex - Ungqimba lwangaphandle lwendlala ye-adrenal. Ifaka ama-hormone ahlukahlukene afaka i-cortisone, i-estrogen, i-testosterone, i-cortisol, i-androgen, i-aldosterone ne-progesterone.

I-adrenal hyperplasia - Ukwanda okungajwayelekile kwenani lamaseli ajwayelekile ku-adrenal gland (s).

Ukungakwazi kwe-adrenal - Bheka isifo sika-Addison.

I-adrenal medulla - Ingxenye emaphakathi yendlala ye-adrenal. Imfihlo i-epinephrine (adrenalin) ne-norepinephrine.

Izicubu ze-adrenal medulla (Pheochromocytoma) - Izimila ze-medulla, ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwendlala ye-adrenal, ebizwa nge-pheochromocytomas. Izimila azivamile futhi zikhipha i-norepinephrine ne-epinephrine. Zibonakala ngeziqephu zomfutho wegazi ophezulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukujuluka nokwesaba.

I-adrenocortical hyperplasia - Khulisa isibalo samaseli we-adrenal cortex. I-Adrenal cortex ifihla i-cortisol, i-androgens ne-aldosterone. Ukukhiqizwa okwandisiwe kwanoma iyiphi noma wonke la mahomoni kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene, njenge-Cushing's syndrome kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Ukuntuleka kwehomoni ye-Adrenocorticotropic - Ayanele i-ACTH ekhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland.

I-Adrenoleukodystrophy - Ukuphazamiseka ezintweni zobuchopho ezibangelwa umsebenzi ongajwayelekile wendlala ye-adrenal.

Ukuqothula - Ukuhlangana ndawonye.

I-Ahaptoglobulinemia - Ngaphandle kwe-haptoglobin egazini. Isimo sivame ukubonakala nge-hemolytic anemia, isifo esibucayi sesibindi kanye ne-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo. Bheka i-Anemia, hemolytic; mononucleosis esithathelwanayo.

Utshwala i-cardiomyopathy - Isifo se-myocardium (ungqimba lwemisipha) senhliziyo, ngenxa yokuphuza ngokweqile. Imiphumela ekwandisweni kwenhliziyo. Imisipha yenhliziyo ibuthakathaka futhi ayikwazi ukupompa igazi kahle.

I-polymyopathy ephuzile - Izifo ezithinta imisipha eminingana ngasikhathi sinye. Kubangelwa ukuphuza ngokweqile.

I-Aldosteronism, eyinhloko - Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-aldosterone, okufihliwe yizindlala ze-adrenal. Kubangelwa i-adrenal hyperplasia (ukwanda kwenani lamaseli adrenal) noma isimila se-adrenal gland (Conn's syndrome). Izimpawu zingafaka umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukuba buthakathaka kwemisipha noma ukuqunjelwa, isifo sezinso nesigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile.

I-alkalosis, umzimba - Isimo esingajwayelekile lapho uketshezi lomzimba lungaphezulu kune-alkaline kunokujwayelekile. Kungaba nomphumela wokulahleka kwe-asidi ekuhlanzeni isikhathi eside noma ekudleni ngokweqile kwe-bicarbonate.

I-alkalosis, ukuphefumula - ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, isifiso sokudla nesikhumba esinsundu. Isimo esingajwayelekile lapho uketshezi lomzimba lungaphezulu kune-alkaline kunokujwayelekile. Kubangelwa yizimo ezinciphisa izinga le-carbon dioxide egazini, njengokuphefumula ngokushesha okukhulu noma ukuminyanisa kwenhliziyo. Bona ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ye-Congestive.

Ukufakelwa kabusha kwe-Allogeneic - ukufakelwa kabusha usebenzisa umnikeli womuntu onomnkantsha okufana nofuzo kumamukeli.

I-alveolar edema - Ukuvuvukala kwamagatsha amancane kunawo wonke amashubhu we-bronchial (alveoli).

Izitho zobulili eziyindida - Izitho zangasese zangaphandle ezingajwayelekile ocansini.

Amblyopias - Umbono owehlisiwe esweni obonakala ujwayelekile uma uhlolwa nge-ophthalmoscope (ithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ingaphakathi leso). Kwesinye isikhathi kuhlotshaniswa ne-strabismus. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kudalwe ubuthi obuthile.

I-Amenorrhea - Kunezigaba ezimbili ze-amenorrhea. Ku-amenorrhea eyinhloko, ukuya esikhathini akuqalanga kowesifazane osemusha osedlulile ebusheni futhi okungenani uneminyaka engu-16 ubudala. Imbangela imvamisa ayaziwa. Izimbangela ezingaba khona zingafaka ukuphazamiseka kokudla, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, ukungajwayelekile kokuzalwa lapho izitho zabesifazane zingekho noma zakhiwa ngokungajwayelekile, noma ukubamba iqhaza emidlalweni ebudisi kakhulu. Ku-amenorrhea yesibili, kunqamuka kokuya esikhathini okungenani izinyanga ezintathu kowesifazane owake waya esikhathini ngaphambilini. Izimbangela zibandakanya ukukhulelwa, ukuncelisa ibele, ukuphazamiseka kokudla, ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuya esikhathini (imvamisa uneminyaka engama-3 noma ngaphezulu), ukukhishwa kwesibeletho noma amaqanda ngokuhlinzwa, noma imisebenzi enzima kakhulu yezemidlalo.

I-Amine - I-organic organic compound equkethe i-nitrogen.

Ama-amino acid - Ama-organic organic compounds. Ziyizinto eziyinhloko zawo wonke amaprotheni. Umzimba uqukethe okungenani ama-amino acid angama-20; 10 ZIBALULEKILE. Umzimba awenzi noma wakhe lawa ma-asidi, ngakho-ke kufanele atholakale ngokudla.

I-Ampulla yaseVater - Indawo enwetshiwe lapho umgudu wepancreatic nomgudu ovamile we-bile uhlangana khona ngaphambi kokungena engxenyeni yamathumbu amancane.

I-Amyloid - Into enesitashi.

I-Amyloidosis - Isifo lapho i-waxy, isitashi efana, izinto eziguqukayo zihlangana ezingxenyeni nasezithweni zomzimba, umsebenzi okhubaza. Imbangela ayaziwa futhi okwamanje ayelapheki. Uma kuhileleke izinso, i-dialysis yezinso noma ukufakelwa izinso kungaba yingxenye yokwelashwa.

I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - Ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwamaseli omgogodla, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kancane kokusebenza kwemisipha. Ayithelelani noma ibe nomdlavuza.

I-Anaphylaxis (ukushaqeka komzimba) - Ukusabela okweqile, okusongela impilo komuthi noma ezinye izinto ezibanga ukungezwani komzimba.

I-Androgenic arrhenoblastoma - Isimila se-ovarian lapho amaseli afana khona nalawo asemasendeni esilisa; bakhipha ama-hormone ocansi abesilisa. Idala ukuvela kwezici zobulili zesilisa zesifazane kowesifazane, njengephimbo, izwi eligxile ekujuleni, izinwele zomzimba ezeqile kanye ne-clitoris ekhulisiwe.

Isifo i-Andrenogenital syndrome - Isifo se-Endocrine esivela ku-adrenocortical hyperplasia. Bheka i-Adrenal hyperplasia. Kukhiqizwa okungaphansi kwenani elijwayelekile le-cortisol futhi okukhulu kunamanani ajwayelekile we-androgens. Lokhu kuholela ekuthombekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubafana nasekuhlanzeni izitho zangasese zangaphandle emantombazaneni. Imvamisa ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa.

Ukushoda kwegazi - Isimo lapho inani lamaseli abomvu egazi noma i-hemoglobin (oksijini ethwala into egazini) linganele.

I-anemia, i-aplastic - Isifo esibi esibonakala ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa komnkantsha wethambo wawo wonke amangqamuzana egazi. Izimpawu zingafaka ukuphaphatheka, ubuthakathaka, ukutheleleka okuvamile, ukopha okuzenzekelayo emakhaleni, emlonyeni, ezinsinini, esithweni sangasese, engxenyeni, ebuchosheni nakwezinye izingosi, ukulinyazwa okungaqondakali, nezilonda emlonyeni, emphinjeni noma engxenyeni. Kungabangelwa izifo emnkantsheni wethambo noma ukubhujiswa komnkantsha wethambo ngu
ukuvezwa amakhemikhali athile, imishanguzo yokulwa nomdlavuza, izidakamizwa zokuvikela ukuzivikela noma ama-antibiotic. Imbangela kwesinye isikhathi ayaziwa. Iyelapheka uma imbangela ingakhonjwa futhi yelashwe ngempumelelo. Uma impendulo ekwelashweni ingeyinhle, izinkinga zezifo ezingalawuleki kanye nokopha kungaba yingozi.

I-anemia, i-autoimmune hemolytic - I-anemia ngenxa yokonakala kwamaseli egazi lomuntu yi-serum yakhe. Imbangela yangempela ayaziwa futhi kusaphenywa. Bheka iSerum.

I-anemia, i-hemolytic engapheli - I-anemia edalwa yisifo esizuzwe njengefa, njengefa spherocytosis, ukushoda kwe-G-6-PD, i-sickle cell anemia noma i-thalassemia. Njengamanje alikho ikhambi elaziwayo. Bheka Ukushoda kwegazi; i-hemolytic anemia; Ukushoda kwe-G-6-PD; i-sickle cell anemia; thalassemia.

Ukushoda kwegazi, ukudabukisa komzimba - Noma iyiphi i-anemia ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka okunciphisa ikhono elijwayelekile lomzimba lokukhiqiza amaseli abomvu egazi.

I-anemia, i-hemolytic - I-anemia ngenxa yokubhujiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamaseli abomvu avuthiwe. Umnkantsha wethambo awunakukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngokushesha okwanele ukukhokhela labo ababhujiswayo.

I-anemia, i-hypochromic - Noma yiliphi iqembu elikhulu lama-anemias elibonakala ngokuncipha kokuhlushwa kwe-hemoglobin kumaseli abomvu egazi.

I-anemia, i-hypoplastic - I-anemia ebonakala ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa komnkantsha wamaseli abomvu egazi.

I-anemia, idiopathic etholwe i-hemolytic - I-anemia ebonakala ngempilo efushane yamaseli abomvu egazi. Imbangela ayaziwa, kepha akuyona ifa.

Ukushoda kwegazi, ukushoda ngensimbi - Ukwehla kwenani lokujikeleza kwamaseli abomvu egazi noma i-hemoglobin enganele kumaseli. Kubangelwa ukungabi khona kwensimbi okunganele.

Ukushoda kwegazi, i-macrocytic - Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okubonakala ngokuba khona okungajwayelekile kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu amakhulu, entekenteke. I-hemoglobin (i-corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) ne-mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ziyanda. Imvamisa imiphumela yokushoda kwe-folic acid kanye ne-vitamin-B12.

Ukushoda kwegazi, i-megaloblastic (ukushoda kwe-Folic acid) - I-anemia ebangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-folic acid. Imvamisa kuhambisana ne-anemia yokushoda kwe-iron.

Ukushoda kwegazi, microcytic - Noma iyiphi i-anemia ebonakala ngamaseli abomvu amancane angajwayelekile, imvamisa ahlotshaniswa nokulahleka okungapheli kwegazi noma i-anemia yokudla okunempilo, njengokushoda kwe-iron anemia. Bheka i-Anemia, ukuntuleka kwensimbi; i-anemia, i-megaloblastic; izinkomba zamaseli abomvu.

Anemia, non-spherocytic hemolytic - Ukuphazamiseka okuzuzwe njengefa kwamaseli abomvu egazi lapho ukusinda kwamaseli abomvu kufinyezwa kuhlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kolwelwesi, i-hemoglobin engazinzile kanye nokukhubazeka kwangaphakathi kwamaseli.

Ukushoda kwegazi, okuyingozi - I-anemia ibangelwa ukumuncwa okunganele kwe-vitamin B12.

I-anemia, i-pyridoxine-isabela - Kunciphise amaseli abomvu egazi, akhuphuka abe ajwayelekile ngokwelashwa kwe-pyridoxine.

Ukushoda kwegazi, iseli lesikela - I-anemia enamandla, engalapheki eyenzeka kubantu abanesimo esingajwayelekile se-hemoglobin kumaseli abo egazi. Kuyisifo esizuzwe njengefa.

I-anemia, isici se-sickle cell - Bheka iSickle cell trait.

I-anemia, i-sideroblastic- Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-anemia lapho umnkantsha ufaka insimbi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kumaseli abomvu egazi. Lawa maseli awahambisi umoya-mpilo emzimbeni ngendlela efanele njengamaseli ajwayelekile.

Anencephaly - Ukungabikho kobuchopho.

Aneuploidy - Noma ikuphi ukwehluka kwenombolo ye-chromosome okubandakanya ama-chromosomes angawodwa hhayi wonke amasethi wama-chromosomes Kungaba nama-chromosomes ambalwa, njengaku-Turner's syndrome, noma ama-chromosomes amaningi, njenge-Down's syndrome. Bheka i-Turner's syndrome; I-Down's syndrome. Izici ezingavamile ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi yiliphi iqoqo lama-chromosomes elibandakanyekayo.

I-Aneurysm - Ukwandiswa okungavamile noma ukubhaliswa komthambo. Kubangelwa udonga lomthambo obuthakathaka.

I-Angina (Angina pectoris) - Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ingcindezi imvamisa ingaphansi kwe-sternum (ithambo lesifuba). Kubangelwa ukunikezwa kwegazi okunganele enhliziyweni. Imvamisa kulethwa ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukucasuka ngokomzwelo noma ukudla okunzima kumuntu onesifo senhliziyo.

Angina pectoris - Bona u-Angina.

Angiodysplasia - Ukungajwayelekile komthambo wegazi.

I-Angioedema (i-edema ye-Angioneurotic; isifuba) - Isifo sokungezwani komzimba esibonakala ngokushintsha kwesikhumba ngezindawo eziphakanyisiwe, ububomvu nokunwaya.

Angiomas - Isimila seBenign esakhiwe yimithambo yegazi noma imithambo yegazi. Iningi liyizalo.

I-Anion gap - Linganisa ukuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri kwe-sodium, i-chloride ne-bicarbonate. Isibalo esisheshayo, esingahlaseli.

I-Ankylosing spondylitis - Isifo esingelapheki, esiqhubekayo samalunga, esihambisana nokuvuvukala nokuqina. Efaniswa nokuma kwe-BENT-FORWARD okubangelwa ukuqina komgogodla nezinhlaka zokusekela. Isizathu asaziwa kepha kungenzeka kungenxa yezinguquko zofuzo noma ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo. Okwamanje kuthathwa njengokungelapheki, yize izimpawu zingancishiswa noma zilawulwe. Kube nezimo zokululama okungaqondakali.

Ithumba le-anorectal - Ithumba elivela engxenyeni (ingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amakhulu) ne-anus (ukuvulwa kwe-rectum ebusweni bomzimba).

I-Anorexia - Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla.

I-anorexia nervosa - Ukuphazamiseka kobuntu okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebasha, okubonakala ngokungathandi ukudla, ukuthanda ngokwehla kwesisindo nezinye izimpawu ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuvuselelwa - Ukwehluleka kwamaqanda ukukhiqiza, ukuvuthwa noma ukukhululwa kwamaqanda. Ama-antibody - Amaprotheni enziwe egazini nasemzimbeni wezicubu amasosha omzimba ukuze anciphise noma aqede imithombo yezifo.

Imithi elwa namagciwane - iqembu lemithi esetshenziselwa ukuvikela noma ukwelapha izifo.

Igciwane - iprotheni esiza umzimba ukulwa nezinto zangaphandle (ama-antigen) emzimbeni, njengamagciwane, isikhunta kanye namagciwane.

Ama-antigen - Into engaphandle evuselela ukwakheka kwama-antibody emzimbeni (okhiqizwa amasosha omzimba) inciphise noma ichithe.

I-Anti-lipemic (Anti-lipidemic) - Okuqondene noma okuphathelene nohlobo lwemithi, ukudla, i-ejenti noma isidakamizwa esinciphisa inani lamafutha noma izinto ezifana namafutha (lipids) egazini.

I-antiinuclear antibody (ANA) - Into evela egazini ekhombisa ubukhona besifo esizimele. Bheka isifo se-Autoimmune.

I-aortic-valve stenosis - Ukungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo okubonakala ngokuncipha noma ukuqiniswa kwe-aortic valve ngenxa yokukhubazeka okuzelwe kwe-valve noma ukuxubana kwezingxenye ze-valve, ezifana ne-rheumatic fever. Bheka i-Rheumatic fever. Lokhu kubangela ukuvinjelwa kwegazi ukuphuma enhliziyweni liye ku-aorta; inhliziyo ayikwazi ukumpompa kahle. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zifaka ukungabekezelelani kokuzivocavoca umzimba, ubuhlungu benhliziyo nokububula kwenhliziyo. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka ukuhlinzekwa ukulungisa i-valve engasebenzi kahle.

Isifo se-aortoiliac occlusive - Ukuqedwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye yengxenye engezansi ye-aorta njengoba ingena emlenzeni, ezingeni le-groin.

I-Apheresis - inqubo yokuhlukanisa igazi lapho kukhishwa khona igazi esigulini, ithunyelwe ngomshini okhethekile (lapho kuhlukaniswa khona amaseli, amanye asuswe) bese okusele kubuyiselwa esigulini

I-aplastic anemia - ukuphazamiseka kwegazi lapho umongo wethambo untula khona ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelets.

I-Apnea - Ukungabikho kokuphefumula okuzenzakalelayo.

I-Appendicitis - Ukuvuvukala kwesithasiselo se-vermiform (ishubhu elincane elisuka engxenyeni yokuqala yamathumbu amakhulu). Ithinta umuntu ongu-1 kwabangu-500 minyaka yonke. Izimpawu zingafaka phakathi ubuhlungu besisu esingezansi kwesokudla, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuqunjelwa noma uhudo, nomkhuhlane. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukususwa ngokushesha kokuhlinzwa kwesithasiselo. Ukubambezeleka kokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kubangela isithasiselo esiphukile kanye ne-peritonitis, engabulala.

I-Arachnoiditis - Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwe-arachnoid, ulwelwesi oluncane, olubucayi oluvale ubuchopho nomgogodla.

I-Arginosuccinic aciduria - Ubukhona be-arginosuccinic acid emchameni. Lokhu kuyiphutha esizalwa nalo lokugaya umzimba futhi kubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.

I-Arrhythmias - Ukungajwayelekile okwejwayelekile noma okuqhubekayo ngesigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Isifo esivela emithanjeni - Ukuvinjelwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwanoma yimuphi umthambo omkhulu.

I-arteriosclerosis - Ukuphazamiseka okuvamile kwemithambo ebonakala ngokuqina, ukulahleka kokuqina kanye nokubalwa kwezindonga zomthambo. Imiphumela yokwehla kokuhlinzekwa kwegazi ebuchosheni nasemaphethelweni aphansi. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu bokuhamba, ukusakazeka kahle kwezinyawo nemilenze, ikhanda, isiyezi nokukhubazeka kwememori. Isimo sivame ukukhula ngokuguga noma nge-nephrosclerosis, scleroderma, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-hyperlipidemia. nephrosclerosis; scleroderma.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-arteriovenous - Inkinga ekuhlanganeni komthambo nomthambo ezingeni le-capillary.

Isifo Samathambo - Isimo sokuvuvukala samalunga, esibonakala ngobuhlungu nokuvuvukala. Futhi bona isifo samathambo.

Ama-Ascites - Ukuqongelela uketshezi lwe-serous emgodini wesisu. Iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni nama-electrolyte. Kungaba inkinga yesifo sokuqina kwesibindi, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okucinana, i-nephrosis, umdlavuza, i-peritonitis noma izifo ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta nezifo. Bheka i-Cirrhosis; ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo; nephrosis; umdlavuza; i-peritonitis.

I-Asphyxia - Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ngenxa ye-oxygen encane kakhulu ne-carbon dioxide eningi egazini. Uma kungalungiswa, kuphumela ekufeni.

Ukuphefumula (komnkantsha) - ukususwa komnkantsha emigodini emathanjeni amakhulu ngokumunca ngenaliti.

Isifuba Somoya - Isifo esingelapheki esihlaselwa kaningi sokuphefumula nokuphefumula okuncane.

I-Astigmatism - Ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo okubangelwa ukuma kwamehlo okungajwayelekile.

Ama-Astrocytomas - Isimila sobuchopho esakhiwe ngamaseli we-neuroglial (olunye lwezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli akha uhlelo lwemizwa). Imvamisa ikhula kancane, kepha imvamisa isimila esibi kakhulu, esibizwa nge-glioblastoma, sikhula ngaphakathi kwe-astrocytoma. Ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kokuhlinzwa kwe-astrocytoma kungenzeka ekuqaleni kokukhula kwesimila, kepha hhayi ngemuva kokuthi ihlasele izicubu ezizungezile.

I-Ataxia-telangiectasia - Isifo esibi, esivela kubifa, esiqhubekayo siqala ebuntwaneni. Kuholela ekulimaleni kwesitsha segazi esakhiwe ngokuxebuka kweqembu lemithambo yegazi emincane (telangiectasias) yamehlo nesikhumba, ukwehluleka kwemisipha ukuxhumanisa (ataxia), kufaka phakathi ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungajwayelekile kanye nokungasebenzi komzimba. Lokhu mhlawumbe kubanga ukwanda kokuthambekela kwezifo. Imvamisa kuphumela ekufinyezweni kwesikhathi sokuphila.

I-atopic dermatitis - Izifo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala kwesikhumba; imvamisa ihlotshaniswa nezinye izinkinga zokungezwani komzimba ezithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula, njenge-asthma noma i-hay fever. Bheka Isifuba Somoya. Imbangela ayaziwa, kepha kungaba yisifo esizuzwe njengefa noma sokushoda kwamasosha omzimba. Izimpawu zifaka ukuqubuka kokulunywa emigodini yesikhumba, isikhumba esomile, esijiyile ezindaweni ezithintekile, ukuklwebha okungalawuleki nokukhathala ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ubuthongo ngenxa yokulunywa okukhulu. Ama-flare-ups nokuxolelwa kungenzeka empilweni yonke. Ukwelashwa kunganciphisa
izimpawu.

I-Atria - Igumbi lokuvumela ukungena kwesinye isakhiwo. Imvamisa kubhekiswa ku-ATRIA yenhliziyo, evumela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi emakamelweni amakhulu enhliziyo abizwa ngama-ventricles.

I-atrial fibrillation - Isigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, kwenzeka emakamelweni aphezulu enhliziyo. Kwesinye isikhathi akubanga zimpawu. Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu angazizwa ebuthakathaka, enesiyezi noma equlekile. Imvamisa, isigqi senhliziyo esijwayelekile singabuyiselwa ngemithi noma ngegesi (i-electro cardioversion).

I-Atrophy - Ukumosha; ukuncipha ngosayizi njengeseli, izicubu, isitho noma ingxenye. Kungabangelwa izifo, ukuntuleka kokusetshenziswa, ukuguga noma amanye amathonya.

Ukuzilimaza - Impendulo iqondiswe ezicutshini zomzimba uqobo.

Izifo ezizimele - Isifo lapho amasosha omzimba akhiqiza amasosha omzimba ahlasela izicubu zomzimba wakhe.

I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia - Bheka i-Anemia, i-autoimmune hemolytic.
Gwema ngokuzenzakalela isifo se-thyroid - Bheka isifo seThuna.

Ukufakelwa kwe-Autologous - ukufakelwa lapho kuqoqwa khona amangqamuzana egazi egazi, aqandiswe bese ebuyiselwa esigulini kamuva.

B

Amaseli Egazi - amaseli akhiwa emnkantsheni wethambo akha igazi.

Amaseli Egazi Abomvu (ama-erythrocyte; ama-RBC) - amaseli athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke (kulinganiswa yi-hematocrit noma i-HCT)

Ukuvunwa Kwethambo Lomnkantsha - inqubo lapho umnkantsha uthathwa khona ethanjeni le-pelvic (indawo ye-hip) ukuze isetshenziswe ekufakweni kabusha.

Ukufakelwa Kwemathambo inqubo lapho umnkantsha wesiguli ubhujiswa khona ngamakhemikhali kanye / noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe bese kufakwa amaseli ama-stem avuniwe ngaphambilini avela kumnikeli noma esigulini.

C

Ipayipi Lomugqa Ophakathi -
i-semi-permanent intravenous catheter efakwa egazini elikhulu
izitsha ezingena enhliziyweni. Ingahlala kuwe amasonto amaningi - izinyanga
ngokuvamile.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali - izidakamizwa
esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza, ngokubhubhisa amangqamuzana angavamile (umdlavuza) noma ngo
ukunciphisa ukukhula kwabo.

Qedela Ukubalwa Kwegazi - a
ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunquma inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe kanye
amaplatelet egazini.

Isimo - a
inhlanganisela yemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imisebe, enikezwa izinsuku ezimbalwa
ngaphambi kokufakelwa ukuze kuqedwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi abhubhise amasosha omzimba.

I-Cytomegalovirus - a
igciwane elingabangela izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ezigulini ezinokutheleleka okujwayelekile, kanye
izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu (izifo zamaphaphu, izinkinga zesibindi kanye nezinkinga zamathumbu)
ezigulini ezinamasistimu omzimba acindezelekile.

Isilonda - Isilonda esiyindilinga, esifana ne-crater sesikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila olubangelwa ukufa kwezicubu. Kuhambisana nezimo ezithile zokuvuvukala, ezithathelwanayo noma ezinomdlavuza.

I-ulcerative colitis - Isifo esibi, esingapheli sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu amakhulu (ikholoni). Ibonakala ngezilonda kanye neziqephu zohudo olunegazi. Izindawo ezinezilonda zivuvukele futhi zingase zakhe amathumba kulwelwesi lwekholoni.

I-bilirubin engahlanganisiwe - Ifomu le-bilirubin elincibilika kumafutha elijikeleza ngokuhlangana okuxekethile namaprotheni e-plasma. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-bilirubin engaqondile.

Uremia - Ukuba khona kwegazi kwamanani amaningi ngokweqile we-protein metabolism byproducts, njenge-urea. Imiphumela esimweni esinobuthi (njengoba kwenzeka ekuhlulekeni kwezinso) esibonakala ngokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, ukudlikizeka kanye ne-coma.

Ureter - Ipayipi elithwala umchamo lisuka ezinso liye esinyeni.

Ureteroceles - Ukuqhuma kokuphela kwe-ureter lapho ihlangana khona nesinye. I-Prolapse ukuwa noma ukushelela kwengxenye ukusuka endaweni yayo evamile. Lesi simo singase siholele ekuvinjweni kokugeleza komchamo futhi kubangele i-hydronephrosis nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwezinso. Kudingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuvinjwe ukulimala kwezinso unomphela. Bona i-Hydronephrosis.

Urethra - Isakhiwo se-anatomical esingenalutho esiholela kusuka kwesinye kuya ngaphandle komzimba.

I-Urethritis - Iukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka kwe-urethra.

Urogenital - Ibhekisela ezinso kanye nezinhlelo zokuzala zomzimba womuntu. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-genitourinary.

Ukwelashwa kwe-urokinase - Ukwelashwa nge-enzyme urokinase etholakala emchameni. I-Enzyme yenza kusebenze uhlelo oluncibilikisa amahlule egazi emzimbeni.

Isifo senhliziyo se-Valvular - Izinkinga zezifo ezihlanekezela noma ezicekela phansi ama-valve enhliziyo. Inhliziyo inamavalvu amane. Isifo senhliziyo se-valvular singaba ama-valve anciphile (i-stenosis) avimbela ukugeleza kwegazi noma ama-valve anwetshiwe noma anezibazi avumela igazi ukuthi livuze lihlehle enhliziyweni (ukungakwazi noma ukuphindaphinda). Ukuphazamiseka kungase kuzuzwe njengefa noma kubangelwa esinye isifo, njenge-rheumatic fever, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, i-endocarditis noma i-syphilis (akuvamile). Umphumela wesifo uncike esimweni esingaphansi. Izinkinga eziningi nezimpawu zingalawuleka ngemithi noma zelashwe ngokuhlinzwa. Bheka i-Rheumatic fever; umfutho wegazi ophezulu; ugcunsula.

Izinhlobonhlobo - Imithambo ekhulisiwe, imithambo yegazi noma imithambo ye-lymph.

I-Vasculitis - Iukuvuvukala komthambo wegazi.

I-Vasoconstriction - Isimo lapho imithambo yegazi iqiniswa khona noma incishwe. Kungabangelwa isimiso sezinzwa esithumela imiyalezo emithanjeni yegazi ukuze ifinyeze. Ingabuye itholwe yimithi. I-Vasopressin - Ihomoni eyenziwe yi-hypothalamus futhi igcinwe ku-pituitary gland. Imiphumela ihlanganisa ukufinyela kongqimba lwemisipha lwemithambo yegazi emincane, ukufinyela kwemisipha ebushelelezi yepheshana lamathumbu kanye nokushukumisa ukufinyela kwesibeletho. Futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-anti-diuretic hormone. Inomthelela othize kumashubhu ezinso evuselela ukugcwala kwamanzi, okubangela ukugcwala komchamo.

I-Vasopressin-resistant Diabetes insipidus - Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus esingaphenduli ekwelashweni nge-vasopressin. Bheka isifo sikashukela i-insipidus.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme we-venous - Ingcindezi emithanjeni ephakeme kunokuvamile.

I-venous thrombosis - Ihlule legazi emthanjeni.

Isifo se-Vertebral-artery - Izifo (ngokuvamile ukuqina komthambo) emthanjeni we-vertebral, umthambo omkhulu ohlinzeka igazi entanyeni, i-vertebrae, i-cerebellum nezinye izingxenye zobuchopho nomgogodla. I-Vesicoureteral reflux - Isimo lapho umchamo ugeleza uhlehle usuka esinyeni uye ku-ureters nezinso. Ngenxa yokuthi esinyeni asithululi kahle, kungase kubangele ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, okungase kuholele ku-pyelonephritis engapheli ngisho nokulimala kwezinso. Bheka i-Pyelonephritis. I-reflux ingase ibangelwe ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukutheleleka kwesinye noma i-neurogenic bladder. Kwesinye isikhathi imbangela ayaziwa. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa nokuphathwa kwama-antibiotic. Akuvamile, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.

I-Vestibular - Okuphathelene nomgodi womlomo ophakathi nendawo engaphakathi yendlebe.

I-Virilization - Inqubo lapho izici zocansi zesibili zabesilisa zitholwa owesifazane, ngokuvamile umphumela wokungasebenzi kahle kwendlala ye-adrenal noma imithi ye-hormone. Kuphinde kubizwe ngokuthi ukwenza ubudoda.

Inkambu ebonakalayo - Inkambu yombono ikalwa ngokuhlolwa okukhethekile.

I-Vitreous (i-Vitreous humor) - Uketshezi olucacile olugcwalisa ingxenye enkulu yeso.

Isifo sikaVon Willebrand - Isifo sofuzo esibonakala ngokujiya kwegazi kancane ngendlela engavamile, okubangela ukopha okuzenzakalelayo noma ukopha kwezinsini. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-blood factor VIII. Ukopha kakhulu kungase kwenzeke ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Bheka I-Hemophilia; isici VIII. 

I-macroglobulinemia ka-Waldenstrom Ukuphazamiseka okungavamile, okuqhubekayo okuhambisana namaprotheni angavamile egazini, izindlala ze-lymph ezivuvukele, isibindi esinwetshiwe kanye nobende, izinguquko ze-anemia kanye nomnkantsha. Bona I-anemia.

Umshado - Ukuminyana, ukuphoqa noma ukusunduza endaweni elinganiselwe.

I-granulomatosis ye-Wegener Isifo esiqhubekayo esibonakala ngezilonda ku-bronchi nasemaphashini, izibazi zemithambo emincane nokuvuvukala okusakazekile kwazo zonke izitho zomzimba.

Isifo sikaWhipple - Isifo se-Malabsorption esibonakala ngokuhuda, amafutha esitokisini, umbala wesikhumba, izifo ezihlangene kanye nezilonda ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.

Ukukhohlela okubi - Ukutheleleka okukhulu, okuthathelwanayo, okubangelwa amagciwane kwamashubhu namaphaphu e-bronchial, okuvame kakhulu ezinganeni.

Isimila sikaWilm - Ukukhula ngokushesha isimila esiyingozi sezinso ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 ubudala.

I-Wilson syndrome - Ukonakala kwesibindi kanye ne-nucleus ye-lens esweni.

I-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome I-inherited immunodeficiency disorder ithinta kuphela abesilisa. Ibonakala ngokopha kakhulu, i-eczema, izifo eziphindaphindayo kanye nengozi eyandayo yokuba ne-malignancy. Ibangela ukufa kusenesikhathi ngesilinganiso sokuphila kweminyaka emi-4.

I-Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo okungapheli noma i-fibrillation ye-atrial enezinguquko zesici ku-electrocardiogram (EEG).

I-Xanthines - Ikilasi lezidakamizwa ezishukumisa ubuchopho nemisipha ebushelelezi, njengamashubhu e-bronchial nenhliziyo. Lo mndeni wezidakamizwa uhlanganisa i-caffeine, i-theophylline, i-aminophylline nezinye.

I-Xerophthalmia - Ukoma okungavamile kanye nokuqina kolwelwesi lwamafinyila lwamajwabu amehlo kanye nengxenye emhlophe yeso ne-cornea. Ibangelwa ukuntuleka kwevithamini A noma izifo ezithile zamehlo.

Y

Umbono ophuzi - Izinto zibonakala ziphuzi. Uphawu olulodwa lwe-digitalis toxicity.

Z

I-diverticulum ye-Zenker - Ukuphuma endaweni lapho i-pharynx ne-esophagus zithinta khona. 

I-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - I-Syndrome enezici ezintathu: izilonda ezinzima zesisu noma amathumbu amancane, i-hypersecretion eyeqile ye-asidi yesisu kanye nezimila zama-pancreas. Kwenzeka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa nemithi elwa nesilonda, kodwa kungase kudingeke ukususwa ngokuphelele kwesisu.