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I-ACTH (iadrenocorticotropic hormone) -Ihormone eveliswe yidlala yebhinqa. Ivuselela iincindi zamadlala ukukhupha iihomoni ezizivelisayo, kubandakanya icortisone kunye necortisol. 

I-ACTH (iAdrenocorticotropic hormone) ukusilela- Incinci kakhulu i-ACTH eveliswa yidlala yebhinqa; amaxesha amaninzi iziphumo zethumba. Iimpawu zibandakanya ubuthathaka, ukudinwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu. 

Isifo sikagawulayo (Isifo sokungafumani sifo emzimbeni) - Ukusilela okukhulu kwamajoni omzimba (isifo se-immunodeficiency disease). Iyanciphisa ukubanakho komzimba ukulwa usulelo kwaye icinezele ukuphindaphindeka kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga, ezinjengeeseli zomhlaza. Jonga isifo sokungabikho komzimba. Ebangelwa yintsholongwane eyosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, igazi elosulelekileyo okanye nge-placenta ukuya kwimveku yomama osulelekileyo. 

Ukulungiswa kuka-Abell-Kendall - Uhlengahlengiso lovavanyo lwelebhu olwenziwe nguGqr. Abell kunye noKendall.

I-placenta ye-Abruptio - Ukwahlula kwe-placenta esibelekweni ngexesha lokugqibela lokukhulelwa.

Ukubala okungapheliyo kwe-Neutrophil (ANC) ikwabizwa Ubalo olupheleleyo lwegranulocyte - Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibonisa egazini ezinako ukulwa usulelo.

Ithumba - Ukudumba, ukutsha, indawo yethenda yosulelo ezaliswe bubofu.

I-Achalasia - Imeko yomqala ephazamisa ukuginya okuqhelekileyo.

Ukungalingani kwesiseko se-Acid - Ukungalingani okwenzekayo xa umzimba ugcina i-asidi eninzi okanye isiseko esininzi.

Acidosis - Isimo sePatologic esivela ekufumaneni i-asidi eninzi emzimbeni.

Acidosis, imetabolism - I-asidi eninzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokulahleka kwesiseko.

Acidosis, ukuphefumla - I-asidi eninzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwe-carbon dioxide engaphezulu.

I-Acromegaly - Imeko echaphazela abantu abakwiminyaka ephakathi. Ibonakaliswa ngokwandiswa okuphawulweyo kwamathambo obuso, umhlathi kunye neendawo. Isizathu sokuveliswa ngokugqithisileyo kwehomoni yokukhula yidlala yebhinqa.

Ngamandla - Ukuqala ngequbuliso. Kukhulu kodwa ixesha elifutshane.

I-porphyria ehambelana ngqo (AIP) Isifo se-porphyrin metabolism. Iimpawu zibandakanya ukuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiweyo kweentlungu zesisu, iimpawu zesisu, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo kunye nokugqithisa kweporphobilinogen kumchamo.

I-edema yemiphunga enobunzima - Iseti yeempawu ezimangalisayo, ezisongela ubomi, kubandakanya ukuphefumla okugqithisileyo, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, unxunguphalo, ukukhohlela, imilebe eluhlaza nezikhonkwane kunye nokubila. Ngokwesiqhelo kubangelwa kukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Jonga ukusilela kwentliziyo.

Isifo iAddison (ukusilela kweAdrenal) - Imeko ebangelwa kukungasebenzi okanye ukungasebenzi kweadrenal amadlala. Iimpawu zibandakanya ubuthathaka, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, iintlungu zesisu, urhudo, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nesikhumba esimdaka.

Adenocarcinoma - Naliphi na iqela elikhulu lezicubu zomhlaza zesisu okanye izicubu zedlala.

Adenoma - Isilonda esibuhlungu seeseli ezinobunzima. Isenokubangela ukufihlakala kwehomoni egqithisileyo ngesi sifo.

Unamatheliso - Imicu emincinci yemisipha enemicu ebangela ukuba amalungu esiswini kunye ne-pelvis inamathele kunye ngokungaqhelekanga, kudala umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu.

Adrenal - Ngokumalunga nelinye okanye zombini amadlala abekwe kufutshane nezintso. La madlala akhupha iihomoni ezininzi, kubandakanya iadrenalin, kwaye adlale indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomzimba yonyango.

I-adrenal cortex - Uluhlu lwangaphandle lwe-adrenal gland. Imfihlo yehomoni ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya icortisone, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, androgen, aldosterone kunye neprogesterone.

I-adrenal hyperplasia - Ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwinani leeseli eziqhelekileyo kwi-adrenal gland (s).

Ukungabikho kwe-adrenal - Jonga isifo sika-Addison.

I-adrenal medulla - Icandelo eliphakathi le-adrenal gland. Imfihlo epinephrine (adrenalin) kunye norepinephrine.

Izidumbu ze-adrenal medulla (Pheochromocytoma) - Ukudumba kwe-medulla, ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-adrenal gland, ebizwa ngokuba yi-pheochromocytomas. Izidumbu zinqabile kwaye zikhupha i-norepinephrine kunye ne-epinephrine. Zibonakaliswe ngeziqendu zoxinzelelo lwegazi, intloko ebuhlungu, ukubetha, ukubila kunye nokoyika.

I-Adrenocortical hyperplasia - Ukwanda kwenani leeseli zecortex yeadrenal. I-adrenal cortex ifihla i-cortisol, i-androgens kunye ne-aldosterone. Ukunyuka kwemveliso yayo nayiphi na okanye zonke ezi hormone kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka okunje, njengeCushing's syndrome kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukusilela kwehomoni yeAdrenocorticotropic - Ayonelanga i-ACTH eveliswa yidlala yebhinqa.

Adrenoleukodystrophy - Ukuphazamiseka kwinto yengqondo ebangelwe kukungaqhelekanga kwendlala ye-adrenal.

Ukwahlula - Ukuqunjelwa kunye.

I-Ahaptoglobulinemia - Ngaphandle kwe-haptoglobin egazini. Imeko ihlala ibonakala nge-hemolytic anemia, isifo sesibindi kunye nesifo esosulelayo se-mononucleosis Jonga iAnemia, hemolytic; mononucleosis esosulelayo.

Utywala i-cardiomyopathy - Isifo se-myocardium (umaleko wemisipha) wentliziyo, ngenxa yotywala obungapheliyo. Iziphumo ekwandiseni kwentliziyo. Imisipha yentliziyo ibuthathaka kwaye ayinakupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo.

Utywala i-polymyopathy Izifo ezichaphazela izihlunu ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Unobangela wokunxila.

I-Aldosteronism, ephambili - Ukuveliswa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-aldosterone, efihliweyo ngamadlala e-adrenal. Ebangelwa yi-adrenal hyperplasia (ukwanda kwenani leeseli ze-adrenal) okanye ithumba le-adrenal gland (Conn's syndrome). Iimpawu zinokubandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi, ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukubamba, isifo sezintso kunye nesingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga.

I-alkalosis, imetabolism - Imeko engaqhelekanga apho ulwelo lomzimba lune-alkaline engaphezulu kwesiqhelo. Ngaba kunokubangelwa kukuphulukana ne-asidi ekugabheni ixesha elide okanye ukungenisa kakhulu i-bicarbonate.

I-alkalosis, ukuphefumla - iintlungu esiswini, urhudo, ukungabinamdla wokutya kunye nesikhumba esimdaka. Imeko engaqhelekanga xa ulwelo lomzimba lungaphezulu kwealkaline kunesiqhelo. Ebangelwa ziimeko ezinciphisa inqanaba lekhabhon diokside egazini, njengokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Jonga ukusilela kwentliziyo.

Ukufakelwa kweAllogeneic - ukufakelwa kusetyenziswa umnikeli womntu onomongo wethambo ongumdlalo wofuzo kumamkeli.

I-alveolar edema - Ukudumba kwamasebe amancinci emibhobho ye-bronchial (alveoli).

Iimpawu ezingaqondakaliyo zesini - Izitho zangasese zangaphandle ezingaqhelekanga kwisini.

IiAmblyopias - Ukunciphisa umbono kwiliso elibonakala liqhelekile xa kuvavanywa i-ophthalmoscope (isixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukujonga ngaphakathi kwamehlo). Ngamanye amaxesha inxulunyaniswa nestrabismus. Isengabangelwa ziityhefu ezithile.

Amenorrhea - Kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-amenorrhea. Kwi-amenorrhea ephambili, ukuya exesheni akuqalanga kwibhinqa eliselula elidlulile ebusheni kwaye ubuneminyaka eli-16 ubuncinci. Isizathu sihlala singaziwa. Izizathu ezinokubakho zinokubandakanya ukuphazamiseka ekutyeni, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwi-endocrine, ukuzalwa okungaqhelekanga apho amalungu omfazi engekho okanye enziwe ngokungaqhelekanga, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo enzima kakhulu. Kwi-amenorrhea yesibini, ukuyeka ukuya exesheni iinyanga ezintathu ubuncinci kumfazi obesele esexesheni. Oonobangela kubandakanya ukukhulelwa, ukuncancisa, ukuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo, ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuya exesheni (ngesiqhelo iminyaka engama-3 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu), ukususwa kotyando lwesibeleko okanye amaqanda, okanye imisebenzi yeembaleki enzima kakhulu.

Amine - Ikhompawundi yemichiza ye-organic equlethe initrogen.

Ii-amino acid - Iikhompawundi organic. Zizinto eziphambili kuzo zonke iiprotheni. Umzimba uqulethe i-amino acid ezingama-20 ubuncinci; 10 ZIBALULEKILE. Umzimba awuzenzi okanye uzenze ezi asidi, ngenxa yoko kufuneka zifunyanwe ngokutya.

Ampulla yeVater - Indawo eyandisiweyo apho ipancreatic duct kunye ne-bile duct eqhelekileyo zihlangana ngaphambi kokungena kwicandelo lamathumbu amancinci.

Amyloid - Izinto ezinesitatshi.

Isifo seAyloidosis - Isifo apho i-wax, isitashi esifana, izinto eziguqukayo ziqokelela kwizicwili nakumalungu, umsebenzi ophazamisayo. Isizathu asaziwa kwaye asinyangeki ngoku. Ukuba izintso ziyabandakanyeka, i-dialysis yezintso okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso kunokuba yinxalenye yonyango.

I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - Ukonakala okuqhubekekayo kweeseli zomqolo wesibeleko, kukhokelela ekuphulukaneni ngokuthe ngcembe kokusebenza kwemisipha. Ayosuleli okanye ibe ngumhlaza.

I-Anaphylaxis (Ukothuka) Okungathandekiyo, okusongela ubomi kwimpendulo yokunganyangeki kumayeza okanye ezinye izinto ezibangela ukungabikho komzimba.

Androgenic arrhenoblastoma - Ithumba le-Ovarian apho iiseli zifana nezo zikwi-testes zamadoda; bakhupha iihomoni zesini samadoda. Ibangela ukubonakala kweempawu zesini ezikwesibini kumfazi, ezinje ngelizwi elimdaka, nelinzulu, iinwele zomzimba ezigqithileyo kunye ne-clitoris eyandisiweyo.

Isifo seAndrenogenital Ingxaki ye-Endocrine ebangelwa yi-adrenocortical hyperplasia. Jonga iadrenal hyperplasia. Ngaphantsi kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo le-cortisol kwaye likhulu kunexabiso eliqhelekileyo le-androgens. Oku kukhokelela ekufikiseni ngaphambi kwexesha kumakhwenkwe nakwisini samalungu angaphandle emantombazana. Ngokwesiqhelo sisifo sokuzalwa.

Igazi - Imeko apho inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye ihemoglobin (ioksijini ephethe into egazini) ingonelanga.

I-anemia, i-aplastic - Isifo esibi esibonakaliswa kukuhla kwemveliso yomongo wethambo yazo zonke iiseli zegazi. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukuphaphatheka, ukuba buthathaka, ukusuleleka rhoqo, ukopha okuzenzekelayo kwimpumlo, emlonyeni, kwiintsini, kwilungu lobufazi, kwilayini, kwingqondo nakwezinye iisayithi, ukugruzuka okungachazwanga, kunye nezilonda emlonyeni, emqaleni okanye kwirhorho. Isenokubangelwa sisifo kumongo wethambo okanye ukutshatyalaliswa komongo wethambo ngu
Ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali ezithile, iziyobisi ezichasene nomhlaza, iziyobisi ezichasayo okanye ii-antibiotics. Isizathu ngamanye amaxesha asaziwa. Iyanyangeka ukuba unobangela unokuchongwa kwaye uphathwe ngempumelelo. Ukuba impendulo kunyango ibuthathaka, iingxaki zosulelo olungalawulekiyo kunye nokuphuma kwegazi kunokubulala.

I-anemia, i-autoimmune hemolytic - I-anemia ngenxa yokonakala kweeseli zomntu nge-serum yakhe. Isizathu ngqo asaziwa kwaye sisephantsi kophando. Jonga iSerum.

I-anemia, i-hemolytic engapheliyo - I-anemia ebangelwa sisifo esifa njengelifa, njenge-spherocytosis yelifa, ukunqongophala kwe-G-6-PD, i-sickle cell anemia okanye i-thalassemia. Okwangoku akukho lonyango lwaziwayo. Jonga iAnemia; i-hemolytic anemia; Ukusilela kwe-G-6-PD; iarhente yegazi; thalassemia.

I-anemia, ukuphazamiseka komzimba - Nayiphi na i-anemia ebangelwa sisifo esinciphisa ukubanakho komzimba ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

I-anemia, i-hemolytic - I-anemia ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Umongo wethambo awunakukwazi ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu ngokukhawuleza ukuze ubuyekeze abo batshatyalaliswayo.

I-anemia, ihypochromic - Naliphi na iqela elikhulu le-anemias elibonakaliswa kukuncipha koxinzelelo lwe-hemoglobin kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

I-anemia, i-hypoplastic - I-anemia ibonakaliswa kukuhla kwemveliso yomongo wethambo kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

I-anemia, idiopathic ifumene i-hemolytic - I-Anemia ebonakaliswa kukuncitshiswa kobomi beeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Isizathu asaziwa, kodwa asizizo ilifa.

I-anemia, ukunqongophala kwesinyithi- Ukuhla kwenani lokujikeleza kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye i-hemoglobin engonelanga kwiiseli. Ibangelwa kukungonelisi kwe-iron.

I-anemia, imacrocytic - Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okubonakaliswa bubukho obungaqhelekanga beeseli ezibomvu ezibuthathaka. Ithetha ukuba i-hemoglobin ye-corpuscular (MCH) kunye ne-corpuscular volume (MCV) ziyonyuswa. Rhoqo, iziphumo ze-folic acid kunye ne-vitamin-B12.

Anemia, megaloblastic (ukusilela kwe-Folic acid) - I-anemia ebangelwa kukusilela kwe-folic acid. Rhoqo kukhatshwa kukuswela i-anemia.

I-anemia, microcytic - Nayiphi na i-anemia ebonakaliswa ngokungaqhelekanga iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nokulahleka kwegazi okungapheliyo okanye i-anemia yesondlo, enje ngokuswela i-anemia. Jonga iAnemia, intswelo yentsimbi; i-anemia, megaloblastic; ii-indices zeseli ebomvu.

Anemia, non-spherocytic hemolytic - Ukuphazamiseka okwabelwa ilifa kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi apho ukusinda kweeseli ezibomvu kufutshane kunxulunyaniswa neziphene zeembrane, ihemoglobin engazinzanga kunye neziphene zangaphakathi.

I-anemia, iyingozi - I-anemia ibangelwa kukungonelanga ngokwaneleyo kwe-vitamin B12.

I-anemia, pyridoxine-ephendulayo- Ukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezonyuka ziye kwimo yesiqhelo ngonyango lwe-pyridoxine.

Ianemia, irhengqa iseli - Ubunzima, i-anemia enganyangekiyo eyenzeka kubantu abane-hemoglobin engaqhelekanga kwiiseli zabo zegazi. Sisifo esizuzwe njengelifa.

I-anemia, uphawu lweeseli zerhengqa -Bona uphawu lwesifo sokugula.

I-anemia, i-sideroblastic- Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-anemia apho umongo wethambo ufaka intsimbi ngaphambi kwexesha kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ezi seli azihambisi ioksijini emzimbeni ngokufanelekileyo njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo.

Anencephaly - Ukungabikho kwengqondo.

Ukuxhaswa kwakhona - Naluphi na umahluko kwinani le-chromosome elibandakanya ii-chromosomes ezizodwa kwaye hayi iiseti ze-chromosomes. Kunokubakho ii-chromosomes ezimbalwa, njenge-Turner's syndrome, okanye ii-chromosomes ezingaphezulu, njenge-Down's syndrome. Jonga isifo sikaTurner; Isifo esiphantsi. Iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni zeziphi iiseti zechromosomes ezichaphazelekayo.

Unyango Ukwandiswa okungaqhelekanga okanye ibhaluni yomthambo. Ebangelwa ludonga lwemithambo olubuthathaka.

UAngina (Angina pectoris) - Intlungu yesifuba okanye uxinzelelo luhlala luphantsi kwe-sternum (ithambo lesifuba). Kubangelwa kukungonelanga kwegazi entliziyweni. Rhoqo iziswa kukuzilolonga, ukukhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo okanye ukutya okunzima kumntu onesifo sentliziyo.

UAngina pectoris - Jonga uAngina.

Angiodysplasia - Isitya esincinci segazi esincinci.

I-Angioedema (i-edema yeAngioneurotic; isifuba) - Ukuphazamiseka komzimba kubonakaliswa kukutshintsha kwesikhumba kunye neendawo eziphakanyisiweyo, ukuba bomvu kunye nokurhawuzelela.

IiAngiomas - I-Benign tumor eyenziwe yimithambo yegazi okanye imithambo ye-lymph. Uninzi luzelwe.

Isithuba seAnion - Measure ukudibanisa uhlalutyo lwelabhoratri lwe-sodium, i-chloride kunye ne-bicarbonate. Ubalo olukhawulezayo, olungafunekiyo.

I-Ankylosing spondylitis - Isifo esinganyangekiyo, esiqhubela phambili samalungu, sikhatshwa kukudumba kunye nokuqina. Ebonakaliswa yi-BENT-FORWARD posture ebangelwa kukuqina komqolo kunye nezakhiwo zenkxaso. Isizathu asaziwa kodwa kunokuba ngenxa yotshintsho lwemfuza okanye ukuphazamiseka komzimba. Okwangoku ithathwa njengenganyangekiyo, nangona iimpawu zinokupheliswa okanye zilawulwe. Kukho iimeko zokuchacha okungachazwanga.

Ithumba elingaziwayo - Ithumba elivela kwi-rectum (icandelo lokugqibela lamathumbu amakhulu) kunye ne-anus (ukuvulwa kwe-rectum ebusweni bomzimba).

Anorexia - Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya.

Anorexia amanosa - Ukuphazamiseka kubuntu obunzima kakhulu, ikakhulu kumabhinqa aselula, abonakaliswa kukuthintela ukutya, ukutyeba ekunciphiseni ubunzima kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Ukunyibilikisa - Ukusilela kwama-ovari ukuvelisa, ukukhula okanye ukukhupha amaqanda. Iintsholongwane - Iiprotheyini ezenziwe egazini nakwizicubu zomzimba ngamajoni omzimba ukuthomalalisa okanye ukutshabalalisa imithombo yezifo.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane iqela lamayeza asetyenziselwa ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga usulelo.

Iintsholongwane - iprotein enceda umzimba ukuba ulwe nezinto zangaphandle (iantigen) emzimbeni, ezinjengebhaktheriya, ifungi kunye neentsholongwane.

Iintsholongwane - Into yasemzini evuselela ukuyilwa kwee-antibodies emzimbeni (eveliswa ngamajoni omzimba) ithomalalisa okanye itshabalalise.

Ulwaphulo-mlomo (uLwaphulo-mthetho) Ye okanye ephathelene nerejimeni, ukutya, iarhente okanye ichiza elinciphisa inani lamafutha okanye izinto ezinjengeoli (lipids) egazini.

Intsholongwane yentsholongwane (ANA) - Into ebonakalayo egazini ebonisa ubukho besifo esizimele. Jonga isifo sokuzimela.

I-aortic-valve stenosis - Ukungaqheleki kwentliziyo okubonakaliswa kukucuthwa okanye ngokungqongqo kwevalvu ye-aortic ngenxa yokukhubazeka okungazalwanga kwivelufa okanye ukudityaniswa kwamacandelo evalve, njengakumkhuhlane wamathambo. Jonga umkhuhlane weRheumatic fever. Oku kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi eliphuma entliziyweni liye kwi-aorta; Intliziyo ayinakupompa ngokufanelekileyo. Iimpawu zesi sifo zibandakanya ukunganyamezelani kokuzilolonga, iintlungu zentliziyo kunye nokumbombozela kwentliziyo. Unyango luhlala lubandakanya utyando ukulungisa ivalve enesiphene.

Isifo seAortoiliac Gcwalisa okanye ubhloke indawo esezantsi ye-aorta njengoko ingena emlenzeni, kwinqanaba lesiphelo.

Apheresis - Inkqubo yokwahlula igazi apho igazi lisuswa kwisigulana, lithunyelwe ngomatshini okhethekileyo (apho iiseli zahlulwayo, ezinye zisuswe) ize intsalela ibuyiselwe kumguli

I-aplastic anemia- ukuphazamiseka kwegazi apho umongo wethambo usilela ekuveliseni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets.

Iapnea - Ukungabikho kokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza.

Isihlomelo - Ukudumba kwesongezo se-vermiform (ityhubhu encinci ephuma kwinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amakhulu). Ichaphazela umntu om-1 kwabangama-500 ngonyaka. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya iintlungu ezisezantsi esiswini, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukuqhina okanye urhudo, kunye nomkhuhlane. Unyango lubandakanya ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwesihlomelo. Ukulibaziseka kotyando kuhlala kukhokelela kwisihlomelo esiphukileyo kunye ne-peritonitis, enokubulala.

Iarachnoiditis - Ukudumba kwenwebu ye-arachnoid, inwebu encinci, ethambileyo evale ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo.

Arginosuccinic aciduria - Ubukho be-arginosuccinic acid kumchamo. Le yimpazamo esizalwa nayo yemetabolism kwaye ibangela ukudodobala kwengqondo.

Arrhythmias - Ukungaqheleki okwenzeka rhoqo okanye rhoqo kwisingqi sokubetha kwentliziyo.

Isifo esivela kwi-Arterial- Iyonke okanye ukuvaleka ngokupheleleyo kwawo nawuphi na umthambo omkhulu.

Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi - Ukuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo kwemithambo ebonakaliswa kukuqina, ukuphulukana nokomelela kunye nokubalwa kweendonga zomthambo. Iziphumo ekunciphiseni ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwingqondo nakwimigangatho esezantsi. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya iintlungu ekuhambeni, ukusasazeka okungalunganga kweenyawo kunye nemilenze, intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi kunye nokusilela kwimemori. Imeko ihlala ikhula ngokuguga okanye nephrosclerosis, scleroderma, isifo seswekile kunye ne-hyperlipidemia. nephrosclerosis; scleroderma.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwearteriovenous - Ingxaki kwindibano yomthambo kunye nomthambo kwinqanaba le-capillary.

Isifo samathambo Imeko yokudumba yamalungu, ebonakaliswa ziintlungu kunye nokudumba. Kwakhona ubone isifo samathambo.

I-Ascites - Ukuqokelelwa kwe-serous fluid kwisisu esiswini. Iqukethe inani elikhulu leprotheni kunye ne-electrolyte. Isenokuba yingxaki yesifo sokuqina kwemithambo, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, i-nephrosis, umhlaza, i-peritonitis okanye izifo ezahlukeneyo zokungunda kunye nesidudu. Jonga iCirrhosis; ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo; nephrosis; umhlaza; peritonitis.

Isifuba - Ukuphulukana nokuqonda ngenxa yeoksijini encinci kunye neecarbon dioxide eninzi egazini. Ukuba ayilungiswa, ikhokelela ekufeni.

Ukuphefumla (komongo) -ukususwa komongo kwimingxunya emathanjeni amakhulu ngokufunxa ngenaliti.

Isifo Sombefu Ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo ngokuhlaselwa okuphindaphindayo komoya kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane.

I-Astigmatism - Ukuphazamiseka kwimbonakalo okubangelwa yimilo yamehlo engaqhelekanga.

Astrocytomas - usetyenziso lweWindows kwi- Ivenkile yeWindows Ithumba lobuchopho eliqulathe iiseli ze-neuroglial (enye yeentlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli ezenza inkqubo yeemvakalelo). Ngokwesiqhelo ikhula kancinci, kodwa ihlala ithumba elibi kakhulu, elibizwa ngokuba yi-glioblastoma, likhula ngaphakathi kwi-astrocytoma. Gqibezela ukususwa kotyando lwe-astrocytoma kunokwenzeka kwangoko kuphuhliso lwethumba, kodwa hayi emva kokuba ihlasele izicwili ezijikelezileyo.

I-Ataxia-telangiectasia - Okona kubi, ilifa, isifo esiqhubela phambili ukuqala ebuntwaneni. Iphumela kwilonda lomthambo wegazi owenziwe kukuxutywa kweqela lemithambo yegazi encinci (telangiectasias) yamehlo nolusu, ukusilela kwemisipha yokulungelelanisa (ataxia), kubandakanya ukuhamba kwamehlo okungaqhelekanga kunye nokungasebenzi komzimba. Oku mhlawumbi kubangela ukwanda kokuchaphazeleka kusulelo. Ngokwesiqhelo kubangela ukuba ubomi bube bufutshane.

Dermatitis ephezulu - Isifo sesikhumba esinganyangekiyo; ihlala inxulunyaniswa nezinye izifo ezichasayo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla, enjenge-asthma okanye i-hay fever. Jonga Isifo Sombefu. Isizathu asaziwa, kodwa inokuba sisifo esifa njengelifa okanye inkqubo yokuswela amajoni omzimba. Iimpawu zibandakanya ukurhawuzelela okurhawuzelayo kwizikrelemnqa zolusu, isikhumba esomileyo, esixineneyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo, ukukrwela okungalawulekiyo kunye nokudinwa ngenxa yokuphelelwa bubuthongo ngenxa yokurhawuzelelwa ngamandla. I-flare-ups kunye noxolelo zinokwenzeka ebomini. Unyango lunokunciphisa
iimpawu.

Atria - Igumbi lokuvumela ukungena kolunye ulwakhiwo. Ngokwesiqhelo ibhekisa kwi-ATRIA yentliziyo, evumela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kungena kumagumbi amakhulu entliziyo abizwa ngokuba zii-ventricles.

I-fibrillation ye-Atrial - Isingqisho sokubetha kwentliziyo esingaqhelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Kule meko, yenzeka kumagumbi aphezulu entliziyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ayibangeli zimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu unokuziva ebuthathaka, enesiyezi okanye equlekile. Rhoqo, isingqi sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo sinokubuyiselwa kunyango okanye isothuso sombane (electro cardioversion).

Itrophy - Ukutshabalalisa; ukunciphisa ubungakanani obufana neseli, izicwili, ilungu okanye inxenye. Ngamana kunokubangelwa zizifo, ukunqongophala kokusetyenziswa, ukuguga okanye ezinye iimpembelelo.

Ukuzenzekelayo - Impendulo ibhekiswe ngqo kwizicwili zomzimba.

Izifo ezizimela ngokuzenzekelayo Isifo apho amajoni omzimba avelisa amajoni omzimba ahlasela izicwili zomzimba.

Ngokuzenzekelayo i-anemia ye-hemolytic - Jonga iAnemia, hemolytic ezenzekelayo.
Ukuzikhusela komzimba kwisifo se-thyroid Jonga isifo seGrave.

Ukutyala ngokuzenzekelayo ukufakelwa apho kuqokelelwa iiseli zegazi zesigulana, zibandiswe ngumkhenkce emva koko zibuyiselwe kwisigulana kamva.

B

Iiseli zegazi iiseli ezenziwe kumongo wethambo owenza igazi.

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-erythrocytes; ii-RBCs) - iiseli ezithwala ioksijini kuwo wonke umzimba (kulinganiswa yihemmatocrit okanye iHCT)

Ukuvunwa kweMongo wethambo - inkqubo apho umongo wethambo uthathwa khona kwithambo le-pelvic (indawo yenyonga) ukuze isetyenziswe ukufakelwa.

Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo - inkqubo apho umongo wethambo lesigulana ubhujiswa yichemotherapy kunye / okanye unyango ngemitha emva koko kutshintshwe iiseli zeziqu ezivuniweyo ezivela kumnikeli okanye kwisigulana.

C

ICatheter eseMbindini -
i-semi-permanent intravenous catheter efakwe kwigazi elikhulu
izitya ezingena entliziyweni. Inokuhlala kuwe iiveki ezininzi - iinyanga
rhoqo.

Unyango ngamayeza onyango iziyobisi
esetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza, ngokutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga (zomhlaza) okanye ngo
ukunciphisa ukukhula kwabo.

Ukubala okupheleleyo kwegazi- a
uvavanyo lwegazi olumisela inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye
iiplatelet egazini.

Ukujonga - a
indibaniselwano yamachiza echemotherapy, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngemitha, enikwa iintsuku ezimbalwa
ngaphambi kokufakelwa ukuphelisa iiseli zomhlaza kunye nokutshabalalisa amajoni omzimba.

Cytomegalovirus - a
intsholongwane enokubangela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kwizigulane ezine-immunity eqhelekileyo, kunye
iingxaki ezinzima ngakumbi (usulelo lwemiphunga, iingxaki zesibindi kunye neengxaki zamathumbu)
kwizigulane ezine-immune system ezicinezelekileyo.

Isilonda- Umjikelo ojikelezileyo, onjengecrater wolusu okanye inwebu ephuma kukufa kwezicubu. Ikhapha ezinye iimeko zokukrala, ezosulelayo okanye ezinomhlaza.

Isilonda sezilonda - Isifo esibi, esingapheliyo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu amakhulu (ikholoni). Iphawulwa sisilonda kunye neziqephu zorhudo olunegazi. Iindawo ezinezilonda ziyadumba kwaye zinokwenza amathumba kulwelwe lwekholoni.

I-bilirubin engaxutywanga - Ifomu ye-bilirubin ene-fat-soluble ejikeleza ngokudibeneyo kunye neeprotheni ze-plasma. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-bilirubin engathanga ngqo.

Uremia - Ubukho kwigazi lobuninzi obugqithisileyo beprotein metabolism byproducts, njenge-urea. Iziphumo kwimeko enetyhefu (njengoko kwenzeka ekungaphumeleli kwezintso) ezibonakaliswe sisicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, ukuxhuzula kunye ne-coma.

Ureter - Umbhobho ohambisa umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi.

Ureteroceles - I-prolapse yesiphelo se-ureter apho idibanisa ne-bladder. Iprolapse kukuwa okanye ukutyibilika kwenxalenye kwindawo yayo yesiqhelo. Imeko inokukhokelela ekuthinteleni ukuhamba komchamo kwaye kubangele i-hydronephrosis kunye nokulahlekelwa komsebenzi wezintso. Utyando luyafuneka ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo osisigxina kwizintso. Jonga iHydronephrosis.

Urethra - Ubume be-anatomical obungenanto obukhokelela ukusuka kwisinyi ukuya ngaphandle komzimba.

Urethritis - Iukudumba okanye ukusuleleka kwi-urethra.

Urogenital - Ukubhekisa kwizintso kunye neenkqubo zokuzala zomzimba womntu. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-genitourinary.

Unyango lwe-Urokinase Unyango nge-enzayimi ye-urokinase efumaneka kumchamo. I-Enzyme ivula inkqubo enyibilikisa amahlwili egazi emzimbeni.

Isifo sentliziyo yeValvular - Ubunzima bezifo eziphazamisa okanye ezitshabalalisa iivalve zentliziyo. Intliziyo ineevalvu ezine. Isifo sentliziyo seValvular sinokuba ziivalvu ezicutheneyo (i-stenosis) ezithintela ukuhamba kwegazi okanye iivalvu ezandisiweyo okanye ezikrazukileyo ezivumela igazi ukuba livuze ngasemva entliziyweni (ukungoneli okanye ukuphindaphinda). Ukuphazamiseka kunokuzuzwa njengelifa okanye kubangelwa sesinye isifo, esifana ne-rheumatic fever, hypertension, atherosclerosis, endocarditis okanye igcushuwa (ngokunqabileyo). Isiphumo sesifo sixhomekeke kwimeko ephantsi. Uninzi lweengxaki kunye neempawu zinokulawulwa ngamayeza okanye zinyangeke ngotyando. Jonga umkhuhlane weRheumatic; uxinzelelo lwegazi; igcushuwa.

Izahluko- Imithambo eyandisiweyo, imithambo okanye imithambo ye-lymph.

Vasculitis - Iukudumba komthambo wegazi.

IVasoconstriction - Imeko apho imithambo yegazi iqinisiwe okanye icuthelwe. Inokubangelwa yinkqubo ye-nervous ethumela imiyalezo kwimithambo yegazi ukuba ixinzelele. Isenokuqhutywa ngamayeza. I-Vasopressin - iHormone eyenziwe yi-hypothalamus kwaye igcinwe kwi-pituitary gland. Iziphumo zibandakanya ukucutshungulwa komgca we-muscular wemithanjana encinci yegazi, ukunyanzeliswa kwemisipha egudileyo yendlela yamathumbu kunye nokuvuselela ukuchithwa kwesibeleko. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-anti-diuretic hormone. Unefuthe elithile kwii-tubules zezintso ezivuselela ukuxutywa kwamanzi, okubangela ukuxinwa komchamo.

I-Vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus - Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus esingaphenduliyo kunyango nge-vasopressin. Jonga isifo seswekile insipidus.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-venous - Uxinzelelo kwimithambo ephezulu kunesiqhelo.

I-venous thrombosis - Ihlwili legazi emthanjeni.

Isifo se-Vertebral-artery Izifo (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqina komthambo) kwi-vertebral artery, umthambo omkhulu onika igazi entanyeni, i-vertebrae, i-cerebellum kunye nezinye iindawo zengqondo kunye nentambo yomgogodla. I-Vesicoureteral reflux-Imeko apho umchamo ubuyela umva ukusuka kwisinyi ukuya kwi-ureters kunye nezintso. Ngenxa yokuba i-bladder ayikhuphanga kakuhle, ukusuleleka kwi-urinary tract kungabangela, mhlawumbi kukhokelela kwi-pyelonephritis engapheliyo kunye nomonakalo wezintso. Jonga iPyelonephritis. I-reflux inokubangelwa sisiphene sokuzalwa, usulelo lwesinyi okanye i-neurogenic bladder. Ngamanye amaxesha unobangela awaziwa. Unyango lubandakanya ukulawulwa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Kunqabile, kusenokufuneka utyando.

IVestibular - Ngokuphathelele kumqolo womlomo ophakathi kwendlebe yangaphakathi.

Virilization - Inkqubo apho iimpawu zesibini zesini zesini zifunyanwa ngumfazi, ngokuqhelekileyo sisiphumo sokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal gland (s) okanye iyeza lehomoni. Ikwabizwa ngokuba budoda.

Indawo ebonwayo - Ummandla wombono ulinganiswa ngovavanyo olulodwa.

I-Vitreous (i-Vitreous humor) - Ulwelo olucacileyo oluzalise kakhulu iliso.

Isifo sikaVon Willebrand - Ukuphazamiseka okuzuzwa njengelifa okuphawulwa kukujika kancinci ngokungaqhelekanga kwegazi, okubangela ukopha okuzenzekelayo okanye ukopha kweentsini. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwegazi VIII. Ukopha kakhulu kunokuthi kwenzeke emva kotyando okanye ngexesha lokuya exesheni. Jonga iHemophilia; Umba VIII. 

I-macroglobulinemia kaWaldenstrom Okunqabileyo, ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo okuhambelana neeprotheni ezingaqhelekanga egazini, i-lymph glands, isibindi esandisiweyo kunye ne-spleen, i-anemia kunye nokutshintsha kwethambo. Jonga i-anemia.

Umtshato - Ukuxinana, ukunyanzelisa okanye ukutyhala kwindawo elinganiselweyo.

I-granulomatosis ye-Wegener - Isifo esiqhubekayo esibonakaliswa ngamanxeba kwi-bronchi kunye nemiphunga, ukukrala kwemithambo emincinci kunye nokuvuvukala okuxhaphakileyo kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba.

Isifo sikaWhipple - Isifo se-Malabsorption esibonakaliswe ngohudo, amanqatha kwi-stool, i-pigmentation yesikhumba, izifo ezidibeneyo kunye nezilonda kwinkqubo ye-nervous central.

Umkhuhlane ohambayo - Usulelo olubi, olusulelayo, lwebhaktheriya lwemibhobho ye-bronchial kunye nemiphunga, ixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni.

Ithumba likaWilm - Ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza i-tumor eyingozi yezintso kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.

I-Wilson's syndrome - Ukuncipha kwesibindi kunye ne-nucleus ye-lens kwiso.

I-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - I-Herited immunodeficiency disorder ichaphazela kuphela amadoda. Ibonakaliswe ngokopha okukhulu, i-eczema, ukusuleleka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo wokuphuhlisa i-malignancy. Ibangela ukusweleka kwangoko nge-avareji yobomi beminyaka emi-4.

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezileyo okanye i-fibrillation ye-atrial kunye notshintsho lweempawu kwi-electrocardiogram (EEG).

Xanthines - Udidi lwamachiza avuselela ingqondo kunye nezihlunu ezigudileyo, ezinje ngeetyhubhu zebronchial kunye nentliziyo. Le ntsapho yeziyobisi ibandakanya i-caffeine, i-theophylline, i-aminophylline kunye nabanye.

Xerophthalmia - Ukoma okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuqina kwenwebu ye-mucous yamehlo kunye nenxalenye emhlophe yeso kunye ne-cornea. Ibangelwa kukunqongophala kwevithamin-A okanye izifo ezithile zamehlo.

Y

Umbono otyheli - Izinto zibonakala zityheli. Olunye uphawu lwe-digitalis toxicity.

Z

Idiverticulum yeZenker - Ukuphuma kwingingqi apho i-pharynx kunye ne-esophagus ichukumisa. 

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - I-Syndrome eneempawu ezintathu: izilonda ezinzima zesisu okanye amathumbu amancinci, i-hypersecretion egqithisileyo ye-asidi yesisu kunye namathumba e-pancreas. Inokwenzeka kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Unyango lubandakanya amayeza okulwa nesilonda, kodwa ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwesisu kunokufuneka.