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ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) - Timadzi tinatake ta pituitary England. Zimalimbikitsa ma adrenal gland kutulutsa mahomoni omwe amapanga, kuphatikiza cortisone ndi cortisol. 

Kulephera kwa ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) - Zochepa kwambiri za ACTH zopangidwa ndi khungu lamatenda; nthawi zambiri zotsatira za chotupa cha pituitary. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kufooka, kutopa komanso kusokonezeka m'mimba. 

Edzi (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) - Kulephera kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha mthupi (matenda opatsirana m'thupi). Imachepetsa kuthekera kwa thupi kulimbana ndi matenda ndikuletsa kuchulukitsa kwa maselo osadziwika, monga khansa. Onani Matenda a Immunodeficiency. Amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana, magazi owonongeka kapena kudzera pa placenta kupita kwa mwana wosabadwa wa mayi yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. 

Kusintha kwa Abell-Kendall - Kusinthidwa kwa mayeso a labu opangidwa ndi Dr. Abell ndi Kendall.

Chotupa cha abruptio - Kupatukana kwa placenta kuchokera pachiberekero m'zaka zitatu zapitazo za mimba.

Kuwerengera Kwathunthu Kwa Neutrophil (ANC) wotchedwa "Mtheradi wa granulocyte count" - kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera amwazi mumwazi omwe amatha kulimbana ndi matenda.

Kutupa - Malo otupa, otupa, ofewa a matenda odzaza mafinya.

Achalasia - Mkhalidwe wam'mero ​​womwe umasokoneza kumeza koyenera.

Kusagwirizana pakati pa acid - Kusalinganika komwe kumachitika thupi likakhala ndi asidi wambiri kapena m'munsi kwambiri.

Acidosis - Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chokhala ndi asidi wambiri m'thupi.

Acidosis, kagayidwe kachakudya - Asidi wambiri m'thupi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa maziko.

Acidosis, kupuma - Kuchuluka kwa asidi m'thupi chifukwa chodzikongoletsa mopitilira mpweya woipa.

Zolemba - Mkhalidwe womwe umazunza anthu azaka zapakati. Wodziwika ndi kukulitsa pang'onopang'ono, kodziwika kwa mafupa a nkhope, nsagwada ndi kumapeto. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchulukitsa kwa kukula kwa mahomoni ndi pituitary gland.

Pachimake - Kuyambira mwadzidzidzi. Yaikulu koma yaifupi.

Pachimake porphyria (AIP) - Matenda a porphyrin metabolism. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizaponso kupweteka kwam'mimba, zizindikiro zam'mimba, kusokonezeka kwamitsempha komanso kuchuluka kwa porphobilinogen mkodzo.

Pachimake m'mapapo mwanga edema - Khalani ndi zodabwitsa, zowopsa pamoyo, kuphatikizapo kupuma movutikira, kupuma mwachangu, nkhawa, kukhosomola, milomo yabuluu ndi misomali, ndi thukuta. Nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima. Onani Congestive mtima kulephera.

Matenda Addison (Adrenal insufficiency) - Zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ma adrenal osagwira kapena osagwira ntchito. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kufooka, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusintha kwamakhalidwe, kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, kusowa kwa njala komanso khungu lofiirira.

Adenocarcinoma - Iliyonse ya gulu lalikulu la zotupa za khansa za minyewa kapena zotupa.

Adenoma - Chotupa chosaopsa cha maselo am'mimba. Zitha kuyambitsa kutulutsa kwa mahomoni owonjezera ndi vuto lomwe lakhudzidwa.

Kumangiriza - Zingwe zazing'ono zazingwe zomwe zimayambitsa ziwalo m'mimba ndi m'chiuno kuti zizilumikizana modabwitsa, zomwe zimatha kuyika m'matumbo.

Adrenal - Zokhudza gland imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri zomwe zili pafupi ndi impso. Izi zimatulutsa mahomoni ambiri, kuphatikizapo adrenalin, ndipo amatenga gawo lofunikira m'thupi la endocrine.

Adrenal kotekisi - Wakunja wosanjikiza wa adrenal gland. Amabisa mahomoni osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza cortisone, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, androgen, aldosterone ndi progesterone.

Adrenal hyperplasia - Kukula kosazolowereka kwa maselo abwinobwino mu adrenal gland (s).

Kulephera kwa adrenal - Onani matenda a Addison.

Adrenal medulla - Gawo lapakati la adrenal gland. Amagwiritsa ntchito epinephrine (adrenalin) ndi norepinephrine.

Zotupa za adrenal medulla (Pheochromocytoma) - Zotupa za medulla, mkatikati mwa adrenal gland, yotchedwa pheochromocytomas. Zotupa ndizochepa ndipo zimatulutsa norepinephrine ndi epinephrine. Amadziwika ndi magawo a matenda oopsa, kupweteka kwa mutu, kupindika, thukuta ndi mantha.

Adrenocortical hyperplasia - Wonjezerani kuchuluka kwa maselo a adrenal cortex. Adrenal cortex imatulutsa cortisol, androgens ndi aldosterone. Kuchulukitsa kwa mahomoni amtundu uliwonse kapena amtunduwu kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana, monga Cushing's syndrome ndi matenda oopsa.

Kulephera kwa mahomoni a Adrenocorticotropic - ACTH yokwanira imapangidwa ndimatenda a pituitary.

Adrenoleukodystrophy - Kusokonezeka kwa zinthu zamaubongo zomwe zimayambitsidwa chifukwa chazovuta za adrenal gland.

Kudzimvera - Kuphatikizana palimodzi.

Ahaptoglobulinemia - Popanda haptoglobin m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, matenda owopsa a chiwindi komanso matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis. Onani Kuperewera kwa magazi, kutaya magazi; matenda mononucleosis.

Mowa cardiomyopathy - Matenda a myocardium (wosanjikiza minofu) yamtima, chifukwa chakumwa mowa mwauchidakwa. Zotsatira kukulitsa kwa mtima. Minofu yamtima imafooka ndipo siyimatha kupopa magazi bwino.

Mowa wochulukirapo - Matenda omwe amakhudza minofu yambiri nthawi imodzi. Zimayambitsa uchidakwa.

Aldosteronism, choyambirira - Kuchulukitsa kwa aldosterone, komwe kumasungidwa ndi adrenal glands. Zimayambitsa adrenal hyperplasia (kuchuluka kwama cell adrenal) kapena chotupa cha adrenal gland (Conn's syndrome). Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira kuthamanga kwa magazi, kufooka kwa minofu kapena kupunduka, matenda a impso komanso mawonekedwe amtima wosadziwika.

Alkalosis, kagayidwe kachakudya - Matenda achilendo momwe madzi amthupi amakhala amchere kwambiri kuposa zabwinobwino. Zitha kubwera chifukwa chakutha kwa asidi chifukwa chkusanza kwanthawi yayitali kapena kudya kwambiri bicarbonate.

Alkalosis, kupuma - kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, kusowa kwa njala komanso khungu lofiirira. Zachilendo pomwe madzi amthupi amakhala amchere kwambiri kuposa zabwinobwino. Zimayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide m'magazi, monga kupuma mwachangu kwambiri kapena kupindika mtima. Onani Congestive mtima kulephera.

Kuphatikiza kwa Allogeneic - kumuika pogwiritsa ntchito wopereka munthu yemwe ali ndi mafupa omwe amafanana ndi wolandirayo.

Edema wamatenda - Kutupa kwa nthambi zazing'ono kwambiri zamachubu za bronchial (alveoli).

Maliseche osadziwika - Ziwalo zoberekera zakunja zomwe si zachilendo kugonana.

Ambulopiya - Maso ochepetsedwa m'diso lomwe limawoneka ngati labwinobwino mukafufuzidwa ndi ophthalmoscope (chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mkati mwa diso). Nthawi zina zimalumikizidwa ndi strabismus. Zikhozanso kuyambitsidwa ndi poizoni wina.

Kutsegula - Pali magawo awiri a amenorrhea. Mu amenorrhea woyambirira, msambo sunayambe mwa mtsikana yemwe wadutsa msinkhu ndipo ali ndi zaka zosachepera 16. Chifukwa nthawi zambiri sichidziwika. Zomwe zingayambitse zimatha kuphatikizaponso kusowa kwa chakudya, kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe, matenda a endocrine, kubadwa kwachilendo komwe ziwalo zachikazi kulibe kapena kupangidwa modabwitsa, kapena kuchita nawo masewera othamanga. Mu amenorrhea yachiwiri, amatha kusamba kwa miyezi itatu mwa mayi yemwe adasamba kale. Zoyambitsa zimaphatikizapo kutenga pakati, kuyamwitsa, kusadya, matenda a endocrine, kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe, kusamba (nthawi zambiri azaka 3 kapena kupitilira apo), kuchotsedwa kwa chiberekero kapena thumba losunga mazira, kapena masewera othamanga kwambiri.

Amine - Organic mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi nayitrogeni.

Amino zidulo - Mankhwala achilengedwe. Ndizo zigawo zazikulu za mapuloteni onse. Thupi limakhala ndi ma amino acid osachepera 20; 10 NDI ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI. Thupi silipanga kapena kupanga zidulo izi, chifukwa chake zimayenera kupezeka kudzera mu zakudya.

Ampulla waku Vater - Kukulitsa komwe phukusi la kapamba ndi njira yodziwika ya bile zimakumana asanalowe gawo lamatumbo ang'ono.

Zamgululi Zosakaniza.

Amyloidosis - Matenda omwe waxy, wowuma ngati, zinthu zosintha zimaphatikizika m'matumba ndi ziwalo, zomwe zimawononga ntchito. Choyambitsa sichikudziwika ndipo pakadali pano sichichiritsidwa. Ngati impso zikukhudzidwa, dialysis ya impso kapena kumuika impso kungakhale gawo la mankhwalawa.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwamaselo amtsempha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu iwonongeke pang'onopang'ono. Osati opatsirana kapena khansa.

Anaphylaxis (Matupi awo sagwirizana) - Oopsa, owopsa moyo poyanjana ndi mankhwala kapena zinthu zina zoyambitsa ziwengo.

Androgenic arrhenoblastoma - Chotupa cha ovarian momwe maselo amafanana ndi omwe ali m'mayeso achimuna; amatulutsa timadzi tamagonana. Zimayambitsa mawonekedwe azimuna zachiwerewere mwa mkazi, monga mawu ofuwa, ozama kwambiri, ubweya wambiri wamthupi ndi clitoris wokulitsa.

Matenda a Andrenogenital - Matenda a Endocrine omwe amabwera chifukwa cha adrenocortical hyperplasia. Onani Adrenal hyperplasia. Kuchuluka kwa cortisol yocheperako kuposa kuchuluka kwa ma androgens kumapangidwa. Izi zimabweretsa kutha msinkhu mwa anyamata ndi masculinization a maliseche akunja mwa atsikana. Nthawi zambiri matenda obadwa nawo.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi - Momwe maselo ofiira ofiira kapena hemoglobin (yomwe imanyamula mpweya m'magazi) siyokwanira.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kukhumudwa - Matenda akulu omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mafuta m'mafupa am'magazi onse. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira kufooka, kufooka, matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi, kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kuchokera m'mphuno, mkamwa, m'kamwa, kumaliseche, kumaliseche, ubongo ndi masamba ena, mabala osadziwika, ndi zilonda mkamwa, pakhosi kapena pakhosi. Angayambitsidwe ndi matenda m'mafupa kapena kuwonongeka kwa mafupa
Kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena, mankhwala a khansa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena maantibayotiki. Chifukwa nthawi zina sichidziwika. Pochiritsidwa ngati chifukwa chitha kuzindikirika ndikuchiritsidwa bwino. Ngati yankho la mankhwala silabwino, zovuta zamatenda osalamulirika ndikutuluka magazi zitha kupha.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, kutulutsa magazi mthupi mwaokha - Kuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo amwazi wamunthu ndi seramu yake. Chifukwa chenichenicho sichikudziwika ndipo chikufufuzidwabe. Onani Seramu.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, hemolytic matenda - Kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumayambitsa matenda obadwa nawo, monga cholowa cha spherocytosis, kuchepa kwa G-6-PD, sickle cell anemia kapena thalassemia. Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala omwe amadziwika. Onani kuchepa kwa magazi; kuchepa magazi magazi; Kuperewera kwa G-6-PD; kuchepa kwa magazi; thalassemia.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kusokonezeka kwa magazi - Kuchepa kwa magazi kulikonse komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda omwe amachepetsa kuthekera kwa thupi kutulutsa maselo ofiira.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, hemolytic - Kuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka msanga kwa maselo ofiira ofiira. Mafupa a mafupa sangatulutse maselo ofiira mwachangu mokwanira kulipirira omwe akuwonongeka.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, hypochromic - Iliyonse pagulu lalikulu la anemias omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa hemoglobin m'maselo ofiira amwazi.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, hypoplastic - Anemia yodziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mafupa a maselo ofiira amwazi.

Anemia, idiopathic adapeza hemolytic - Kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumadziwika ndi nthawi yofupikitsa ya maselo ofiira. Chifukwa sichidziwika, koma sikuti chimachokera.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kusowa kwachitsulo - Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira ofiira kapena hemoglobin wosakwanira m'maselo. Zimayambitsa kusakwanira kwa chitsulo.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, macrocytic - Matenda amwazi omwe amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwachilendo kwa maselo ofiira ofiira akulu. Matupi a hemoglobin (MCH) amatanthauza kuti voliyumu yamagulu (MCV) imakulitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa folic acid ndi vitamini-B12.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, megaloblastic (kusowa kwa Folic acid) - Kuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa folic acid. Nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi chitsulo akusowa magazi m'thupi.

Kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi, microcytic - Kuchepa kwa magazi kulikonse komwe kumadziwika ndi maselo ofiira ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndi kutaya magazi kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Onani kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuchepa kwa ayironi; kuchepa magazi, megaloblastic; zizindikiro zofiira.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, non-spherocytic hemolytic - Matenda obadwa nawo a maselo ofiira omwe amafupikitsa maselo ofiira amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolakwika za nembanemba, hemoglobin yosakhazikika komanso zopindika zama cell.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, kowopsa - Kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kuyamwa kosakwanira kwa vitamini B12.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, pyridoxine-reaction - Kuchepetsa maselo ofiira ofiira omwe amafalikira, omwe amakula bwino ndikumwa mankhwala a pyridoxine.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, chikwakwa - Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi kosachiritsika komwe kumachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a hemoglobin m'maselo awo amwazi. Ndi matenda obadwa nawo.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, khungu la chikwakwa - Onani mawonekedwe a Sickle cell.

Kuchepa kwa magazi, sideroblastic- Mtundu wapadera wa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi momwe mafupa amaponyera chitsulo msanga m'maselo ofiira amwazi. Maselowa samatengera mpweya mthupi mokwanira mofanana ndi maselo abwinobwino.

Anencephaly - Kupezeka kwa ubongo.

Chithu - Kusiyanasiyana kulikonse pamanambala a chromosome omwe amakhudza ma chromosomes amodzi osati ma chromosomes onse. Pakhoza kukhala ma chromosomes ochepa, monga matenda a Turner, kapena ma chromosomes ambiri, monga Down's syndrome. Onani matenda a Turner; Down's matenda. Makhalidwe achilendo amasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wama chromosomes omwe akukhudzidwa.

Kuthamangitsidwa - Kukulitsa modabwitsa kapena kubaluni kwa mtsempha. Amayambitsidwa ndi khoma lofooka la mtsempha wamagazi.

Angina (Angina pectoris) - Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupanikizika nthawi zambiri pansi pa sternum (chifuwa). Zimayambitsidwa ndi magazi osakwanira pamtima. Nthawi zambiri zimabwera chifukwa cha masewera olimbitsa thupi, kukhumudwa kapena kudya kwambiri kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda amtima.

Angina pectoris - Onani Angina.

Angiodysplasia - Zovuta zazing'ono zamagazi.

Angioedema (Angioneurotic edema; ming'oma) - Matupi awo sagwirizana ndi khungu limasintha ndimalo okwezeka, kufiira komanso kuyabwa.

Angiomas - Chotupa cha Benign chopangidwa ndi mitsempha yamagazi kapena mitsempha yamagulu. Ambiri ndi obadwa nawo.

Anion kusiyana - Yesani kuphatikiza kusanthula labotale ya sodium, chloride ndi bicarbonate. Kuwerengera mwachangu, kosavomerezeka.

Ankylosing spondylitis - Matenda opitilira muyeso amalumikizidwe, ophatikizana ndi kutupa ndi kuuma. Wodziwika ndi mawonekedwe a BENT-FORWARD oyambitsidwa ndi kuuma kwa msana ndi nyumba zothandizira. Choyambitsa sichikudziwika koma mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini kapena matenda am'thupi. Pakadali pano amaonedwa ngati osachiritsika, ngakhale zizindikilo zimatha kuchepetsedwa kapena kuwongoleredwa. Pakhala pali milandu yochira mosadziwika bwino.

Kutupa kosadziwika - Kutupa komwe kumachitika m'matumbo (gawo lomaliza la m'matumbo akulu) ndi anus (kutsegula kwa rectum padziko lapansi).

Chakudya - Kutaya njala.

Anorexia amanosa - Matenda ovuta kwambiri, makamaka mwa atsikana, omwe amadziwika kuti amadana ndi chakudya, amakonda kwambiri kuchepa thupi komanso zizindikilo zina.

Kutulutsa - Kulephera kwa thumba losunga mazira kutulutsa, kukula kapena kutulutsa mazira. Antibodies - Mapuloteni omwe amapangidwa m'magazi ndi mthupi mwa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti athetse kapena kuwononga magwero a matenda.

Maantibayotiki - gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kapena kuchiza matenda.

Wodwala - mapuloteni omwe amathandiza thupi kulimbana ndi zinthu zakunja (ma antigen) mthupi, monga mabakiteriya, bowa ndi ma virus.

Ma antigen - Chinthu chakunja chomwe chimalimbikitsa kupangika kwa ma antibodies m'thupi (chopangidwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi) chimachepetsa kapena kuwononga.

Anti-milomo (Anti-lipidemic) - Za kapena zokhudzana ndi mtundu, zakudya, wothandizila kapena mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta kapena zinthu ngati mafuta (lipids) m'magazi.

Antinuclear antibody (ANA) - Zinthu zomwe zimawoneka m'magazi zosonyeza kupezeka kwa matenda omwe amadzichotsera okha. Onani matenda a Autoimmune.

Aortic-valve stenosis - Kukhalitsa kwamtima komwe kumadziwika ndi kuchepa kapena kusasunthika kwa valavu ya aortic chifukwa chobadwa nako kwa valavu kapena kusakanikirana kwa zigawo za valavu, monga rheumatic fever. Onani Rheumatic fever. Izi zimapangitsa kulepheretsa magazi kutuluka mumtima kupita ku aorta; mtima sungapope bwino. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimaphatikizapo kusalolera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupweteka kwa mtima komanso kung'ung'udza mtima. Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo opaleshoni yokonza valavu yolakwika.

Matenda osokoneza bongo - Kutsekereza kwathunthu kapena pang'ono mbali yakumunsi kwa msempha pamene ikulowa mwendo, pamlingo woboola.

Apheresis - njira yolekanitsira magazi momwe magazi amachotsedwera kwa wodwala, amatumizidwa kudzera pamakina apadera (pomwe maselo amalekanitsidwa, ndipo ena amachotsedwa) ndipo zotsalazo zimabwezeretsedwera

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi - matenda amwazi momwe mafuta am'mafupa amalephera kupanga maselo ofiira, maselo oyera am'magazi ndi ma platelets.

Mpweya - Kulibe kupuma mwadzidzidzi.

Kulimbana - Kutupa kwazowonjezera za vermiform (chubu chaching'ono chomwe chimachokera koyambirira kwa m'matumbo akulu). Amakhudza 1 mwa anthu 500 chaka chilichonse. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira kupweteka m'mimba, nseru, kusanza, kudzimbidwa kapena kutsegula m'mimba, ndi malungo. Chithandizocho chimaphatikizapo kuchotsa opaleshoni mwachangu zowonjezera. Kuchedwa kuchitidwa opaleshoni nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale pulogalamu yowonongeka ndi peritonitis, yomwe imatha kupha.

Arachnoiditis - Kutupa kwa nembanemba ya arachnoid, nembanemba yopyapyala, yosakhwima yomwe imazungulira ubongo ndi msana.

Arginosuccinic aciduria - Kukhalapo kwa arginosuccinic acid mkodzo. Ichi ndi cholakwika chobadwa ndi kagayidwe kake ndipo kamayambitsa kuchepa kwamaganizidwe.

Masautso - Nthawi zina kapena zosazolowereka mwanjira iliyonse ya kugunda kwamtima.

Matenda osokoneza bongo - Kutseka kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kwa mtsempha waukulu uliwonse.

Matenda a Arteriosclerosis - Matenda wamba amitsempha yam'mitsempha yodziwika ndi kukhathamira, kutayika kwa kukhathamira ndi kuwerengera kwa makoma a mitsempha. Zotsatira zakuchepa kwamagazi kuubongo komanso kumapeto kwenikweni. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo kupweteka poyenda, kusayenda bwino kwa mapazi ndi miyendo, kupweteka mutu, chizungulire komanso zolakwika zokumbukira. Matenda nthawi zambiri amakula ndi ukalamba kapena nephrosclerosis, scleroderma, matenda ashuga komanso hyperlipidemia. nephrosclerosis; scleroderma.

Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwamphamvu - Vuto pamphambano wamtsempha ndi mtsempha pamlingo wa capillary.

Nyamakazi - Kutupa kwamalumikizidwe, komwe kumadziwika ndi kupweteka komanso kutupa. Onaninso nyamakazi ya nyamakazi.

Ascites - Kudzikundikira kwa madzi am'mimba m'mimba. Lili ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi ma electrolyte. Kungakhale vuto la matenda enaake, mtima wosalimba, nephrosis, khansa, peritonitis kapena matenda osiyanasiyana a mafangasi ndi majeremusi. Onani Matenda a Chiwindi; kukhumudwa kwa mtima; nephrosis; khansa; peritonitis.

Asphyxia - Kutuluka Kutaya chidziwitso chifukwa cha mpweya wochepa kwambiri komanso kaboni dayokisaidi wochuluka m'magazi. Ngati sichikonzedwa, imabweretsa imfa.

Kutsekemera (kwa mafuta) - kuchotsa mafuta m'matope m'mafupa akulu poyamwa ndi singano.

Mphumu - Matenda osatha omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kupuma komanso kupuma movutikira.

Kudzudzula - Kuwonongeka kwamaso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo.

Nyenyezi - Chotupa chaubongo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi maselo amitsempha yamagazi (imodzi mwamaselo akulu akulu omwe amapanga dongosolo lamanjenje). Nthawi zambiri amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri chotupa choyipa kwambiri, chotchedwa glioblastoma, chimayamba mkati mwa astrocytoma. Kuchotsa kwathunthu opaleshoni ya astrocytoma kungakhale kotheka kumayambiriro kwa chotupacho, koma osati itatha kulowa mthupi.

Ataxia-telangiectasia - Matenda owopsa, obadwa nawo, opita patsogolo kuyambira ali mwana. Zimabweretsa zotupa za chotengera chamagazi chopangidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi (telangiectasias) yamaso ndi khungu, kulephera kwa minofu kulumikizana (ataxia), kuphatikiza mayendedwe achilendo amaso ndi kuperewera kwa thupi. Izi mwina zikuwonjezera chiwopsezo cha matenda. Kawirikawiri zimabweretsa kufupikitsa moyo.

Dermatitis yapamwamba - Matenda otupa khungu; Nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudza kupuma, monga mphumu kapena hay fever. Onani Mphumu. Choyambitsa sichidziwika, koma atha kukhala matenda obadwa nawo kapena kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Zizindikiro zake zimaphulika pakhungu pakhungu, khungu louma, lotakata kumadera okhudzidwa, kukanda kosalamulirika komanso kutopa chifukwa chogona mokwanira chifukwa cha kuyabwa kwambiri. Kuphulika ndi kuchotsedwa kumatha kuchitika m'moyo wonse. Chithandizo chingachepetse
zizindikiro.

Atria - Chitipa Chipinda cholola kulowa kwina. Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza ATRIA yamtima, yomwe imalola kufalitsa magazi kuzipinda zazikulu zamtima zotchedwa ma ventricles.

Matenda a Atrial - Nyimbo yolimbitsa thupi kwathunthu. Poterepa, zimachitika muzipinda zapamwamba zamtima. Nthawi zina zimayambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zina munthuyo amatha kufooka, kuchita chizungulire kapena kukomoka. Nthawi zambiri, kugunda kwamtima kumatha kubwezeretsedwanso ndi mankhwala kapena kugwedezeka kwamagetsi (electro cardioversion).

Zovuta - Kuwonongeka; kuchepa kukula monga khungu, minofu, chiwalo kapena gawo. Zitha kubwera chifukwa cha matenda, kusowa ntchito, ukalamba kapena zina.

Pangani nokha - Kuyankha kumayang'aniridwa ndi mnofu wa thupi.

Matenda osokoneza bongo - Matenda omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amalimbana ndi matupi awo.

Kutulutsa magazi m'thupi mwakachetechete - Onani kuchepa kwa magazi, kutulutsa magazi mthupi mwokha.
Sungani matenda a chithokomiro - Onani matenda a Manda.

Kukhazikitsa Kwa Autologous - kumuika kumene maselo amtsinde amwazi wake amasonkhanitsidwa, amaundana kenako ndikubwezeretsedwanso pambuyo pake.

B

Maselo A Magazi - maselo omwe amapangidwa m'mafupa omwe amapanga magazi.

Maselo Ofiira a magazi (erythrocytes; RBCs) - maselo omwe amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse (kuyeza ndi hematocrit kapena HCT)

Kukolola kwa Mafupa a Mafupa - njira yomwe mafuta am'mafupa amachotsedwa m'chiuno (m'chiuno) kuti mugwiritse ntchito.

Kukulitsa Mafupa a Bone - njira yomwe mafupa a wodwalayo amawonongedwa ndi chemotherapy ndi / kapena mankhwala a radiation kenako ndikusinthidwa ndi maselo am'maso omwe adakololedwa kale kuchokera kwa wopereka kapena wodwalayo.

C

Catheter Wapakati -
theka-okhazikika mtsempha catheter amene amaikidwa m'magazi aakulu
ziwiya zomwe zimalowa mu mtima. Ikhoza kukhala mwa inu kwa masabata ambiri - miyezi
nthawi zambiri.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy - mankhwala
amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa, mwina powononga maselo osadziwika (khansa) kapena mwa
kuchepetsa kukula kwawo.

Kuwerengera Kwa Magazi Onse - a
kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo oyera amagazi ndi
mapulateleti m'magazi.

Zowongolera - a
kuphatikiza mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndipo nthawi zina ma radiation, operekedwa masiku angapo
isanayambe kumuika kuthetsa maselo a khansa ndi kuwononga chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Cytomegalovirus - a
kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa zizindikiro za chimfine kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ndi
zovuta kwambiri (matenda a m'mapapo, matenda a chiwindi ndi matumbo)
mwa odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi choponderezedwa.

Chilonda - Chotupa chozungulira, chofanana ndi crater pakhungu kapena mucous nembanemba chifukwa cha kufa kwa minofu. Zimatsagana ndi zotupa, zopatsirana kapena khansa.

ulcerative colitis - Matenda aakulu, otupa a m'matumbo akuluakulu (colon). Amadziwika ndi zilonda zam'mimba komanso kutsekula m'mimba kwamagazi. Madera omwe ali ndi zilonda amatupa ndipo amatha kupanga zilonda m'kati mwa m'matumbo.

Bilirubin yosagwirizana - Mtundu wosungunuka wamafuta wa bilirubin womwe umazungulira mosagwirizana ndi mapuloteni a plasma. Komanso amatchedwa indirect bilirubin.

Uremia - Kukhalapo kwamafuta ochulukirapo a protein metabolism m'magazi, monga urea. Zotsatira zake zimakhala ndi poizoni (monga momwe zimachitikira kulephera kwa impso) zodziwika ndi nseru, kusanza, chizungulire, kugwedezeka ndi kukomoka.

Ureter - Kachubu kamene kamanyamula mkodzo kuchokera ku impso kupita kuchikhodzodzo.

Ureteroceles - Kuphulika kwa kumapeto kwa ureter komwe kumalumikizana ndi chikhodzodzo. Prolapse ndi kugwa kapena kutsetsereka kwa gawo kuchokera pa malo ake mwachizolowezi. Mkhalidwewu ukhoza kuyambitsa kutsekeka kwa mkodzo ndikuyambitsa hydronephrosis ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso. Kuchita opaleshoni kumafunika kupewa kuwonongeka kwa impso kosatha. Onani Hydronephrosis.

Urethra - Kapangidwe kamene kamatuluka kuchokera kuchikhodzodzo kupita kunja kwa thupi.

Urethritis - Ikutupa kapena matenda a mkodzo.

Urogenital - Ponena za impso ndi machitidwe oberekera a thupi la munthu. Komanso amatchedwa genitourinary.

Chithandizo cha urokinase - Kuchiza ndi enzyme urokinase yomwe imapezeka mumkodzo. Enzyme imayendetsa dongosolo lomwe limasungunula magazi m'thupi.

Matenda a mtima a Valvular - Zovuta za matenda omwe amasokoneza kapena kuwononga ma valve a mtima. Mtima uli ndi ma valve anayi. Matenda a mtima a Valvular amatha kukhala ma valve opapatiza (stenosis) omwe amalepheretsa kuyenda kwa magazi kapena ma valve okulirapo kapena owopsa omwe amalola magazi kuthamangira cham'mbuyo mu mtima (kusakwanira kapena kuyambiranso). Matenda amatha kutengera kwa makolo kapena chifukwa cha matenda ena, monga rheumatic fever, matenda oopsa, atherosclerosis, endocarditis kapena chindoko (kawirikawiri). Zotsatira za matenda zimatengera momwe matendawo akukhalira. Mavuto ambiri ndi zizindikiro zimatha kuwongoleredwa ndi mankhwala kapena kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni. Onani Rheumatic fever; matenda oopsa; chindoko.

Zosiyanasiyana - Mitsempha yokulirapo, mitsempha kapena mitsempha yamagazi.

Vasculitis - Ikutupa kwa mtsempha wamagazi.

Vasoconstriction - Malo omwe mitsempha yamagazi imakhazikika kapena kuchepetsedwa. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limatumiza mauthenga ku mitsempha yamagazi kuti ichepetse. Angathenso kutengeka ndi mankhwala. Vasopressin - Hormone yopangidwa ndi hypothalamus ndikusungidwa mu gland ya pituitary. Zotsatira zake ndi kutsika kwa minofu yosanjikiza ya mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi, kupindika kwa minofu yosalala ya matumbo ndikukondoweza kwa chiberekero. Komanso amatchedwa anti-diuretic hormone. Ali ndi mphamvu yeniyeni pa impso tubules zolimbikitsa resorption wa madzi, kuchititsa ndende ya mkodzo.

Vasopressin-resistant shuga insipidus - Matenda a shuga insipidus omwe samayankha chithandizo ndi vasopressin. Onani matenda a shuga insipidus.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa venous - Kupanikizika m'mitsempha komwe kuli kopitilira muyeso.

venous thrombosis - Kuundana kwa magazi mumtsempha.

Vertebral-artery matenda - Matenda (kawirikawiri kuumitsa mtsempha wamagazi) mu mtsempha wa vertebral, mtsempha waukulu womwe umapereka magazi ku khosi, vertebrae, cerebellum ndi mbali zina za ubongo ndi msana. Vesicoureteral reflux - Matenda omwe mkodzo umayenda cham'mbuyo kuchokera kuchikhodzodzo kupita ku ureters ndi impso. Chifukwa chakuti chikhodzodzo sichimatuluka bwino, matenda a mkodzo angayambitse matenda, zomwe zingabweretse matenda aakulu a pyelonephritis komanso kuwonongeka kwa impso. Onani pyelonephritis. Reflux ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, matenda a chikhodzodzo kapena chikhodzodzo cha neuroogenic. Nthawi zina chifukwa chake sichidziwika. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kupatsidwa maantibayotiki. Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni ingafunike.

Vestibular - Zokhudza pakamwa pakatikati pa khutu lamkati.

Virilization - Njira yomwe mawonekedwe achiwiri ogonana aamuna amapeza ndi mkazi, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito kwa adrenal gland kapena mankhwala a mahomoni. Amatchedwanso masculinization.

Malo owonera - Munda wa masomphenya oyesedwa ndi mayesero apadera.

Vitreous (Vitreous humor) - Madzi omveka bwino omwe amadzaza kwambiri m'diso.

Matenda a Von Willebrand - Matenda obadwa nawo omwe amadziwika ndi kutsekeka kwa magazi mosadziwika bwino, kumayambitsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'mphuno kapena kutulutsa magazi m'kamwa. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi factor VIII. Kutaya magazi kwambiri kumatha kuchitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena panthawi ya kusamba. Onani Hemophilia; chinthu VIII. 

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia Matenda osowa, omwe amapita patsogolo omwe amakhudzana ndi zomanga thupi zachilendo m'magazi, kutupa kwa lymph glands, kukulitsa chiwindi ndi ndulu, kuchepa kwa magazi m'magazi komanso kusintha kwamafuta m'mafupa. Onani Anemia.

Ukwati - Kuchulukana, kukakamiza kapena kukankhira pamalo ochepa.

Granulomatosis ya Wegener - Kupita patsogolo matenda yodziwika ndi zotupa mu bronchi ndi m`mapapo, zipsera yaing`ono mitsempha ndi ponse kutupa kwa ziwalo zonse za thupi.

Matenda a Whipple - Malabsorption matenda yodziwika ndi kutsekula m'mimba, mafuta mu chopondapo, pigmentation khungu, matenda olowa ndi zotupa chapakati mantha dongosolo.

chifuwa chachikulu - Zowopsa, zopatsirana, matenda a bakiteriya a machubu a bronchial ndi mapapo, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana.

Chotupa cha Wilm - Mofulumira kukhala zilonda chotupa cha impso ana osakwana zaka 5 zakubadwa.

Wilson syndrome - Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi phata la disolo m’diso.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - Matenda obadwa nawo a immunodeficiency amakhudza amuna okha. Amadziwika ndi kutuluka magazi kwambiri, chikanga, matenda obwera mobwerezabwereza komanso chiopsezo chotenga matenda owopsa. Amayambitsa kufa msanga ndi moyo wapakati wa zaka 4.

Matenda a Wolff-Parkinson-White Kugunda kwa mtima kwapang'onopang'ono kapena fibrillation ya atria yokhala ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe mu electrocardiogram (EEG).

Xanthines - Gulu la mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa ubongo ndi minofu yosalala, monga machubu a bronchial ndi mtima. Banja la mankhwalawa limaphatikizapo caffeine, theophylline, aminophylline ndi ena.

Xerophthalmia - Kuuma kwachilendo ndi kukhuthala kwa mucous nembanemba wa zikope ndi mbali yoyera ya diso ndi cornea. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa vitamini-A kapena matenda ena a maso.

Y

Masomphenya achikasu - Zinthu zikuwoneka zachikasu. Chizindikiro chimodzi cha kawopsedwe ka digitois.

Z

Diverticulum ya Zenker - Kutuluka m'dera lomwe pharynx ndi esophagus zimagwira. 

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - Syndrome yokhala ndi zinthu zitatu: zilonda zam'mimba kapena matumbo ang'onoang'ono, hypersecretion ya acid m'mimba ndi zotupa zam'mimba. Zitha kuchitika mwa ana ndi akulu. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo mankhwala oletsa zilonda, koma kuchotsa mimba kwathunthu kungafunike.